Pseudo-static Stability Analysis of Jointed Rock Slopes Reinforced by Passive Bolts
摘要
The stability analysis of jointed rock slopes reinforced by fully grouted passive bolts under the combined action of gravity and seismic loading is investigated within the framework of the limit analysis kinematic approach. The pseudo-static method is considered to account for inertial accelerations induced in the ground by seismic waves. At the material level, the limit analysis reasoning is developed in the context of mixed modeling, in which the rock material is treated as a 3D continuum, the bolts are perceived as beam-like inclusions embedded in the rock, and the joints are modeled as 2D interfaces endowed with specific cohesive-frictional strength properties. The nonlinear strength properties of the rock material are modeled by the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion, whereas the bolts are modeled as beam elements that exhibit only resistance to compressive-tensile normal forces. At the slope structure level, rigorous lower bound estimates of the required reinforcement strength are derived from the kinematic approach through the implementation of two classes of failure mechanisms. The accuracy of the approach predictions is assessed by comparison with static and kinematic finite element solutions. A series of numerical examples is also presented to assess the effect of relevant geometry, strength, and loading parameters on the required reinforcement strength, thus underlying the effectiveness of the approach for design purposes.