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<p>This study presents an integrated framework combining remote sensing, photogrammetry, and geotechnical back analysis to evaluate landslide hazards in sensitive clay terrains of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region, Eastern Canada. Historical aerial photographs processed with Pix4D photogrammetry were integrated with LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) to reconstruct pre- and post-failure topography for selected landslides along Rivière à Benjamin. Back-analysis using SLIDE2 (limit equilibrium) and RS2 (finite element shear strength reduction) enabled derivation of in-situ soil parameters, yielding cohesion (c) = 8&#xa0;kPa, friction angles (φ) = 36–39°, and a Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) = 0.97, consistent with typical values for Eastern Canadian sensitive clays. The water table was assumed at 1&#xa0;m depth to provide a conservative representation of near-surface saturation. Sensitivity was examined by varying one parameter at a time (c or φ) to isolate their individual influence on slope stability. Uncertainties associated with DEM accuracy and parameter estimation were minimized through cross-validation of LiDAR and photogrammetric datasets. A refined microzonation map was developed using the Ministry of Transportation of Quebec (MTQ) criteria and a third-order moving-average retrogression method, resulting in 18&#xa0;m safety buffer for high-risk zones. Comparative analysis with Scandinavian frameworks (Norway, Sweden) demonstrates the transferability of this approach to other postglacial clay regions under similar hydrogeotechnical conditions. The integrated methodology strengthens slope stability assessment in data-limited contexts and supports practical applications in hazard zoning, infrastructure planning, and urban development regulation.</p>

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Integrated Remote Sensing and Slope Stability Modeling for Back Analysis of Sensitive Clay Landslides

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Rama Vara Prasad Chavali,
  • Zeinab Bayati,
  • Anick Tremblay,
  • Ali Saeidi,
  • Yan Lévesque,
  • Mélanie Lambert

摘要

This study presents an integrated framework combining remote sensing, photogrammetry, and geotechnical back analysis to evaluate landslide hazards in sensitive clay terrains of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region, Eastern Canada. Historical aerial photographs processed with Pix4D photogrammetry were integrated with LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) to reconstruct pre- and post-failure topography for selected landslides along Rivière à Benjamin. Back-analysis using SLIDE2 (limit equilibrium) and RS2 (finite element shear strength reduction) enabled derivation of in-situ soil parameters, yielding cohesion (c) = 8 kPa, friction angles (φ) = 36–39°, and a Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) = 0.97, consistent with typical values for Eastern Canadian sensitive clays. The water table was assumed at 1 m depth to provide a conservative representation of near-surface saturation. Sensitivity was examined by varying one parameter at a time (c or φ) to isolate their individual influence on slope stability. Uncertainties associated with DEM accuracy and parameter estimation were minimized through cross-validation of LiDAR and photogrammetric datasets. A refined microzonation map was developed using the Ministry of Transportation of Quebec (MTQ) criteria and a third-order moving-average retrogression method, resulting in 18 m safety buffer for high-risk zones. Comparative analysis with Scandinavian frameworks (Norway, Sweden) demonstrates the transferability of this approach to other postglacial clay regions under similar hydrogeotechnical conditions. The integrated methodology strengthens slope stability assessment in data-limited contexts and supports practical applications in hazard zoning, infrastructure planning, and urban development regulation.