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<p>Municipal solid waste (MSW) management poses significant challenges in developing nations, were urban expansion and legacy waste accumulation strain existing infrastructure. This study explores the depth-specific geotechnical and chemical characteristics of Legacy Waste Fines (LWF) retrieved from a landfill near the Varuna River, Varanasi, India, to evaluate their potential for subgrade applications in pavement construction. LWF samples were systematically collected at depths of 0, 2, 5, and 10&#xa0;m and subjected to rigorous testing for particle size distribution, compaction properties, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and microstructural analysis, following ASTM standards. The findings reveal depth-dependent improvements in material properties, including an increase in soaked CBR values from 7.5 to 9.8% and UCS values from 122.3 to 148.5&#xa0;kPa. These variations correlate with reduced organic content, enhanced specific gravity, and a stabilized pH range, indicating suitability for geotechnical applications. Deeper LWF layers demonstrated superior performance, enabling a 33% reduction in bituminous layer thickness in pavement design, resulting in preliminary cost savings of US $3000–$5000 per kilometer based on material reduction, excluding logistical costs such as excavation, transportation, and processing, considering comparable procurement distances for local soil and LWF. This research highlights the viability of utilizing depth-specific LWF in sustainable infrastructure development, contributing to circular waste management practices and aligning with global sustainability goals. Also, as a significant hurdle in biomining legacy waste lies in its accurate quantification, often leading to inefficiencies in resource allocation and financial planning, this research offers critical insights into the variability of legacy waste, overcoming the limitations of generic quantification methods used in biomining. By isolating contaminants and leveraging enhanced material properties, the study advances innovative solutions for landfill mining and resource-efficient construction.</p>

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Depth-Based Characterization of Legacy Waste Fines for Biomining and Subgrade Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Abhay Kumar Verma,
  • Arun Prasad,
  • Niteesh Singh Bonal

摘要

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management poses significant challenges in developing nations, were urban expansion and legacy waste accumulation strain existing infrastructure. This study explores the depth-specific geotechnical and chemical characteristics of Legacy Waste Fines (LWF) retrieved from a landfill near the Varuna River, Varanasi, India, to evaluate their potential for subgrade applications in pavement construction. LWF samples were systematically collected at depths of 0, 2, 5, and 10 m and subjected to rigorous testing for particle size distribution, compaction properties, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and microstructural analysis, following ASTM standards. The findings reveal depth-dependent improvements in material properties, including an increase in soaked CBR values from 7.5 to 9.8% and UCS values from 122.3 to 148.5 kPa. These variations correlate with reduced organic content, enhanced specific gravity, and a stabilized pH range, indicating suitability for geotechnical applications. Deeper LWF layers demonstrated superior performance, enabling a 33% reduction in bituminous layer thickness in pavement design, resulting in preliminary cost savings of US $3000–$5000 per kilometer based on material reduction, excluding logistical costs such as excavation, transportation, and processing, considering comparable procurement distances for local soil and LWF. This research highlights the viability of utilizing depth-specific LWF in sustainable infrastructure development, contributing to circular waste management practices and aligning with global sustainability goals. Also, as a significant hurdle in biomining legacy waste lies in its accurate quantification, often leading to inefficiencies in resource allocation and financial planning, this research offers critical insights into the variability of legacy waste, overcoming the limitations of generic quantification methods used in biomining. By isolating contaminants and leveraging enhanced material properties, the study advances innovative solutions for landfill mining and resource-efficient construction.