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<p>Frequent short-duration, high-intensity storms in Guam and nearby Pacific islands have led to increased shallow landslides, especially during typhoon seasons intensified by climate anomalies like El Niño. In 2023, Guam was struck by four major typhoons, including Typhoon Mawar, one of the strongest cyclones since 1945. This study evaluates the effectiveness of vetiver grass planted as a hedge along slopes in improving slope stability under extreme rainfall. Root tensile strength was measured to assess mechanical reinforcement, while root water uptake (RWU) and evapotranspiration modeling were used to quantify hydrological effects. Unsaturated soil behavior was characterized through soil–water retention curves. Vetiver root tensile strength (T<sub>r</sub>) decreased non-linearly with increasing root&#xa0;diameter (d<sub>r</sub>) following an inverse power–law relationship described by T<sub>r</sub> = 47.246 (d<sub>r</sub>)<sup>−1.949</sup>. For slope angles from 35° to 60°, RWU alone increased the minimum factor of safety (FoS<sub>min</sub>) between 2.5 and 3.7%, while the combination of RWU with root reinforcement improved FoS<sub>min</sub> between 12.9 and 19.6%. The combined effects of RWU and root reinforcement also delayed the timing of slope failure. In addition, the minimal differences in FoS<sub>min</sub> with or without evaporation suggest root reinforcement is the dominant stabilizing factor. The results demonstrate the potential of vetiver grass as a nature-based solution to mitigate rainfall-induced slope failures in typhoon-prone tropical regions.</p>

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The Resilience of Vetiver-Vegetated Tropical Hillslopes to Heavy Precipitation Events Caused by Successive Typhoon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Ujwalkumar Patil,
  • Myeong-Ho Yeo,
  • Sayantan Chakraborty,
  • Surya Sarat Chandra Congress,
  • Aritra Banerjee,
  • Bryan Higgs

摘要

Frequent short-duration, high-intensity storms in Guam and nearby Pacific islands have led to increased shallow landslides, especially during typhoon seasons intensified by climate anomalies like El Niño. In 2023, Guam was struck by four major typhoons, including Typhoon Mawar, one of the strongest cyclones since 1945. This study evaluates the effectiveness of vetiver grass planted as a hedge along slopes in improving slope stability under extreme rainfall. Root tensile strength was measured to assess mechanical reinforcement, while root water uptake (RWU) and evapotranspiration modeling were used to quantify hydrological effects. Unsaturated soil behavior was characterized through soil–water retention curves. Vetiver root tensile strength (Tr) decreased non-linearly with increasing root diameter (dr) following an inverse power–law relationship described by Tr = 47.246 (dr)−1.949. For slope angles from 35° to 60°, RWU alone increased the minimum factor of safety (FoSmin) between 2.5 and 3.7%, while the combination of RWU with root reinforcement improved FoSmin between 12.9 and 19.6%. The combined effects of RWU and root reinforcement also delayed the timing of slope failure. In addition, the minimal differences in FoSmin with or without evaporation suggest root reinforcement is the dominant stabilizing factor. The results demonstrate the potential of vetiver grass as a nature-based solution to mitigate rainfall-induced slope failures in typhoon-prone tropical regions.