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<p>Strength anisotropy is a well-recognised phenomenon in rock engineering, governed by the orientation of inherent features, such as bedding planes or foliation, relative to the loading direction. It is especially pronounced in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, where these structures impart direction-dependent strength and deformation characteristics, regardless of the scale of the engineering project. This study presents a methodology to develop a transversely isotropic rock-like material using self-compacting cement mortar. Two mixtures (Material <i>A</i> and Material <i>B</i>) were designed, and their similarity to natural rock was validated through formation morphology, UCS, brittleness index, modulus ratio, and stress–strain response. According to the Deere and Miller classification, both materials fall within the low strength&#xa0;low&#xa0;modulus (DL) category. The transversely isotropic structure is fabricated by casting Materials <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> in alternating layers, with each layer poured after the previous one had reached its initial setting time. The anisotropy index of the proposed rock-like material is 3.86, with UCS values ranging from 8 to 40&#xa0;MPa. The mechanical behaviour of transversely isotropic rock-like material is characterised through uniaxial compression, Brazilian tensile, and triaxial compression tests. The applicability of six failure criteria for transversely isotropic rocks&#xa0;including three Mohr–Coulomb variants&#xa0;and two Hoek–Brown variants, are evaluated for predicting the strength of proposed transversely isotropic rock like material&#xa0;under uniaxial and triaxial compression loading.</p>

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Fabrication and Testing of Transversely Isotropic Rock-Like Materials Prepared Using Self-Compacting Mortar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Ravindra Kumar Burnwal,
  • Aditya Singh

摘要

Strength anisotropy is a well-recognised phenomenon in rock engineering, governed by the orientation of inherent features, such as bedding planes or foliation, relative to the loading direction. It is especially pronounced in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, where these structures impart direction-dependent strength and deformation characteristics, regardless of the scale of the engineering project. This study presents a methodology to develop a transversely isotropic rock-like material using self-compacting cement mortar. Two mixtures (Material A and Material B) were designed, and their similarity to natural rock was validated through formation morphology, UCS, brittleness index, modulus ratio, and stress–strain response. According to the Deere and Miller classification, both materials fall within the low strength low modulus (DL) category. The transversely isotropic structure is fabricated by casting Materials A and B in alternating layers, with each layer poured after the previous one had reached its initial setting time. The anisotropy index of the proposed rock-like material is 3.86, with UCS values ranging from 8 to 40 MPa. The mechanical behaviour of transversely isotropic rock-like material is characterised through uniaxial compression, Brazilian tensile, and triaxial compression tests. The applicability of six failure criteria for transversely isotropic rocks including three Mohr–Coulomb variants and two Hoek–Brown variants, are evaluated for predicting the strength of proposed transversely isotropic rock like material under uniaxial and triaxial compression loading.