<p>The dynamic properties of sand are influenced by initial anisotropy and moisture content, yet existing studies predominantly focus on isotropic saturated sands, with limited research on initially anisotropic sands at varying moisture contents. This study employs a capillary phenomenon-based sample preparation method to conduct resonant column tests on reconstituted standard sand, analyzing the coupled effects of moisture content, initial anisotropy, and effective confining stress on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of sand. The test results demonstrate that the dynamic shear modulus exhibits a nonlinear decay trend with increasing moisture content. A higher initial moisture content (30.5%) induces a modulus decay amplitude of up to 60%, while a lower moisture content (6.5%) ensures stronger modulus stability, with a transition moisture content (TMO) observed near 18.5%. Under conditions of high moisture content and low effective confining stress, the dynamic shear modulus of specimens varies by 19.41% due to anisotropic differences, whereas at lower moisture contents and higher effective confining stresses, the modulus approaches isotropy with differences not exceeding 4.82%. The damping ratio increases with rising moisture content, showing a non-linear growth trend when the moisture content exceeds 18.5%. Furthermore, based on the test data, the Hardin model is modified by considering the influence of initial anisotropy and moisture content on the maximum dynamic shear modulus, and a prediction method for the dynamic shear modulus of initially anisotropic sands is proposed by revising the Davidenkov model. Finally, idealized micro-analysis indicates that the dynamic properties are weakest when the initial anisotropic depositional plane approaches the most unfavorable failure plane of isotropic specimens.</p>