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<p>As a critical load-bearing component of transportation infrastructure, the subgrade’s safety and durability are essential for ensuring smooth vehicle operation and prolonging its service life. In this study, silt was stabilized with a constant 5% cement content and varying dosages (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of thermally activated coal gangue powder (ACGP) powder. The cement content and ACGP dosages mentioned in the manuscript are based on the dry weight of the soil. Dynamic triaxial tests under cyclic stress amplitudes of 100–250&#xa0;kPa were performed using a GDS system, and microstructural features were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction. The specimens exhibited a three-stage evolution of cumulative plastic strain, consisting of an initial rapid accumulation phase, a subsequent deceleration phase, and a final stabilization phase, while the dynamic elastic modulus showed the opposite trend, characterized by an initial sharp decline, followed by a plateau and minor fluctuations. The 3% gangue blend achieved the best performance: compared to the cement-only control, cumulative plastic strain decreased by 47.5% and 58% under 100&#xa0;kPa and 250&#xa0;kPa, respectively, while dynamic elastic modulus increased by approximately 20% and 30.8%. Microstructural analysis indicated that at the 3% dosage, secondary pozzolanic reactions were most complete, producing abundant gel and ettringite (AFt) crystals that interlocked to form a dense ‘nailing’network. Therefore, 3% ACG was determined to be the optimal proportion for balancing cementation density and material uniformity. This study provides the theoretical basis and experimental evidence for dosage optimization, as well as the evidence-based specification of construction procedures, including mixing, compaction, and other related operations, for silty subgrade soils subjected to dynamic loading.</p>

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Dynamic Behaviour and Microstructure of ACGP Enhanced Cemented Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Jiahui Fang,
  • Xinshan Zhuang,
  • Duan Yang,
  • Yuhan Hao

摘要

As a critical load-bearing component of transportation infrastructure, the subgrade’s safety and durability are essential for ensuring smooth vehicle operation and prolonging its service life. In this study, silt was stabilized with a constant 5% cement content and varying dosages (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of thermally activated coal gangue powder (ACGP) powder. The cement content and ACGP dosages mentioned in the manuscript are based on the dry weight of the soil. Dynamic triaxial tests under cyclic stress amplitudes of 100–250 kPa were performed using a GDS system, and microstructural features were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction. The specimens exhibited a three-stage evolution of cumulative plastic strain, consisting of an initial rapid accumulation phase, a subsequent deceleration phase, and a final stabilization phase, while the dynamic elastic modulus showed the opposite trend, characterized by an initial sharp decline, followed by a plateau and minor fluctuations. The 3% gangue blend achieved the best performance: compared to the cement-only control, cumulative plastic strain decreased by 47.5% and 58% under 100 kPa and 250 kPa, respectively, while dynamic elastic modulus increased by approximately 20% and 30.8%. Microstructural analysis indicated that at the 3% dosage, secondary pozzolanic reactions were most complete, producing abundant gel and ettringite (AFt) crystals that interlocked to form a dense ‘nailing’network. Therefore, 3% ACG was determined to be the optimal proportion for balancing cementation density and material uniformity. This study provides the theoretical basis and experimental evidence for dosage optimization, as well as the evidence-based specification of construction procedures, including mixing, compaction, and other related operations, for silty subgrade soils subjected to dynamic loading.