<p>To address frost heave damage in the Four-season Cross-Country Ski Tunnel under sub-zero temperatures, frost heave analysis was conducted on the tunnel lining’s surrounding rock. Through rock deformation tests, the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the surrounding rock were determined. By using elastic theory and the displacement method, the radial deformation displacement caused by frost heave in the frozen rock was calculated. Based on thick-walled cylinder theory, the analytical solution for the frost heave force exerted on the lining under radial deformation displacement was derived. A tunnel model was established by using FLAC 3D to analyze stress and displacement distribution characteristics under frost heave forces in sub-zero tunnels. Frost damage analysis was conducted based on frost heave force values at six representative locations on the lining post-frost heave. Results indicate: Theoretical and numerical calculations show displacement differences between maximum and minimum values ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 mm, while frost heave force differences are approximately 0.1 MPa. Displacement results demonstrate good agreement, validating the calculation formula’s accuracy. The distribution of frost heave forces around the lining is markedly non-uniform, with the maximum force occurring near the tunnel wall base and the minimum near the crown center. Targeted prevention and mitigation measures should be implemented based on the specific locations of frost damage.</p>