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<p>In response to the problem of slow excavation speed caused by long support time in deep roadways, the characteristics of the interaction between surrounding rock and support, the development characteristics of support structure stiffness, and the deformation coordination characteristics were analyzed. Virtual support force was introduced to simulate the constraint effect of excavation face space, and a dynamic mechanical model of the interaction between surrounding rock and support considering the time machine and time effect characteristics of support was established; The rock mechanics behavior, failure mode, acoustic emission, and energy evolution characteristics of “single-sided lateral unloading—three-way five sided force—single-sided lateral support-vertical continuous loading” under different secondary support conditions were studied using a true triaxial rock mechanics test system and acoustic emission system; Based on the principle of energy analysis, the energy evolution law under different secondary support timing conditions was analyzed. The research results indicate that as the secondary support timing after single-sided unloading and initial support is delayed, the stress–strain curve growth during the elastic deformation stage is relatively slow, the peak strength σ<sub>1max</sub> when the surrounding rock fails is lower, and the corresponding maximum principal strain ε<sub>1max</sub> is also larger. Moreover, the earlier the larger acoustic emission activity occurs, the faster the release rate of stored elastic energy inside, and the failure mode gradually changes from tensile shear composite failure to shear failure. In addition, the earlier the secondary support timing is applied after single-sided unloading, the significantly increased total energy U, elastic energy U<sup>e</sup>, and dissipated energy U<sup>d</sup> of the rock at the peak stress point, and the non-linear function relationship between the strain energy conversion rate u before the peak and the timing of secondary support. Based on the coupled support principle of the “beam arch” bearing structure of the roadway roof, a staged joint support idea is proposed. Combined with specific engineering, a staged support scheme for the coal roadway is formulated, and the application effect of staged support is evaluated. On the premise of ensuring the safety of coal roadway construction, it is expected that the excavation speed of coal roadway can be increased from 6 to 15&#xa0;m/d.</p>

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Interaction Mechanism and Stability Response of Unloading Surrounding Rock and Support in Deep Excavation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Sen Yang,
  • Liqiang Ma,
  • Xinzhu Hua,
  • Juan Xu,
  • Weilong Wei

摘要

In response to the problem of slow excavation speed caused by long support time in deep roadways, the characteristics of the interaction between surrounding rock and support, the development characteristics of support structure stiffness, and the deformation coordination characteristics were analyzed. Virtual support force was introduced to simulate the constraint effect of excavation face space, and a dynamic mechanical model of the interaction between surrounding rock and support considering the time machine and time effect characteristics of support was established; The rock mechanics behavior, failure mode, acoustic emission, and energy evolution characteristics of “single-sided lateral unloading—three-way five sided force—single-sided lateral support-vertical continuous loading” under different secondary support conditions were studied using a true triaxial rock mechanics test system and acoustic emission system; Based on the principle of energy analysis, the energy evolution law under different secondary support timing conditions was analyzed. The research results indicate that as the secondary support timing after single-sided unloading and initial support is delayed, the stress–strain curve growth during the elastic deformation stage is relatively slow, the peak strength σ1max when the surrounding rock fails is lower, and the corresponding maximum principal strain ε1max is also larger. Moreover, the earlier the larger acoustic emission activity occurs, the faster the release rate of stored elastic energy inside, and the failure mode gradually changes from tensile shear composite failure to shear failure. In addition, the earlier the secondary support timing is applied after single-sided unloading, the significantly increased total energy U, elastic energy Ue, and dissipated energy Ud of the rock at the peak stress point, and the non-linear function relationship between the strain energy conversion rate u before the peak and the timing of secondary support. Based on the coupled support principle of the “beam arch” bearing structure of the roadway roof, a staged joint support idea is proposed. Combined with specific engineering, a staged support scheme for the coal roadway is formulated, and the application effect of staged support is evaluated. On the premise of ensuring the safety of coal roadway construction, it is expected that the excavation speed of coal roadway can be increased from 6 to 15 m/d.