<p>In this study, the influence of neighboring operating railroads on the deformation characteristics of deep foundation pits is investigated by taking a deep foundation pit project under an operating railroad line in Hangzhou as a case. Employing on-site measurements and comparative statistical analysis, this study meticulously analyze the spatiotemporal deformation characteristics and patterns of the retaining pile, the top displacement of retaining piles, surface settlement, and railway subgrade settlement. The findings reveal that the deformation pattern of the retaining pile is characterized by a "small at both ends and large in the middle" configuration, with the maximum lateral displacement ranging from approximately 0.06–0.3% of the excavation depth (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_{e}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). The ground surface displays a "spoon-shaped" settlement profile, with the maximum settlement occurring at a specific distance from the pit edge and diminishing progressively with increasing distance. The maximum surface settlement is approximately 0.04–0.22% of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_{e}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, indicating relatively minor surface settlement resulting from the deep foundation pit excavation. The vertical displacement at the top of the retaining piles progressively increases with the depth of excavation, predominantly displaying settlement within the range of approximately −0.18–0.03% of the excavation height (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$H_{e}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>e</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). The vertical displacement of the railway roadbed exhibits different settlement behaviors under varying excavation conditions; nevertheless, the overall deformation is minimal, suggesting a relatively secure state for the foundation pit. These findings provide a valuable reference for the design and support of analogous foundation pit projects and contribute to the understanding of foundation pit deformation characteristics.</p>

Deformation Behavior of Deep Foundation Pit Enclosure Structures Adjacent to Operational Railways: Case Study from Hangzhou

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发表日期：

2025年9月2日

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Zhiang Liu,
Pingping Rao,
Jifei Cui,
Donglong Xing

摘要

In this study, the influence of neighboring operating railroads on the deformation characteristics of deep foundation pits is investigated by taking a deep foundation pit project under an operating railroad line in Hangzhou as a case. Employing on-site measurements and comparative statistical analysis, this study meticulously analyze the spatiotemporal deformation characteristics and patterns of the retaining pile, the top displacement of retaining piles, surface settlement, and railway subgrade settlement. The findings reveal that the deformation pattern of the retaining pile is characterized by a "small at both ends and large in the middle" configuration, with the maximum lateral displacement ranging from approximately 0.06–0.3% of the excavation depth ( $H_{e}$ $H_{e}$ ). The ground surface displays a "spoon-shaped" settlement profile, with the maximum settlement occurring at a specific distance from the pit edge and diminishing progressively with increasing distance. The maximum surface settlement is approximately 0.04–0.22% of $H_{e}$ $H_{e}$ , indicating relatively minor surface settlement resulting from the deep foundation pit excavation. The vertical displacement at the top of the retaining piles progressively increases with the depth of excavation, predominantly displaying settlement within the range of approximately −0.18–0.03% of the excavation height ( $H_{e}$ $H_{e}$ ). The vertical displacement of the railway roadbed exhibits different settlement behaviors under varying excavation conditions; nevertheless, the overall deformation is minimal, suggesting a relatively secure state for the foundation pit. These findings provide a valuable reference for the design and support of analogous foundation pit projects and contribute to the understanding of foundation pit deformation characteristics.