<p>This paper investigates the triaxial mechanical damage characteristics of gypsum rocks with different water immersion times and based on the energy theory, the total energy of the system was divided into two parts: elastic energy and dissipated energy. The energy dissipation relationship between immersion time and the damage process of gypsum rock was analysed, and the damage parameters of gypsum rock with energy dissipation are established, and at the same time, the three-axis compression damage intrinsic model of immersion gypsum with time parameters is established considering the relationship between water content, immersion time and energy dissipation, and It provides a good fit for the triaxial mechanical response of gypsum rock after immersion in water. The damage model was incorporated into the FLAC3D software to conduct a stability analysis of actual gypsum mine goafs under immersion conditions. The analysis revealed that the presence of water caused the plastic zone of the mine pillars to become interconnected, ultimately leading to instability.</p>