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<p>The increasing demand for sustainable mining practices has intensified the focus on filtered tailings stacking as a safer and more environmentally responsible alternative for waste management. However, the inherent variability in tailings material properties and environmental conditions poses significant challenges for achieving optimal compaction, which can compromise geotechnical stability if not adequately addressed. This study investigates the influence of unsaturated hydraulic properties on the seepage and mechanical behavior of iron ore tailings stacks, focusing on the effects of void ratio variations, material heterogeneity, and undercompaction during construction under alternating weather conditions. The numerical evaluation applies fully coupled seepage–deformation simulations to investigate transient hydraulic responses and slope stability across various construction scenarios. Key findings reveal that lower void ratios, despite material heterogeneity, effectively enhance geotechnical stability by limiting seepage within the tailings stack and allowing matric suction to prevail, particularly along the slope of the stack. In contrast, undercompacted scenarios exhibit rapid saturation, perched water tables, and increased pore pressures, significantly reducing Factors of Safety, especially during early construction stages. These scenarios are highly sensitive to weather conditions, with rainy periods intensifying saturation and pore pressure buildup. These insights highlight the importance of precise compaction strategies to mitigate risks associated with tailings variability and seasonal rainfall. The proposed framework offers a robust foundation for designing and assessing filtered tailings stacks, enhancing their safety and resilience while addressing the challenges of unsaturated soil mechanics and environmental interactions.</p>

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Numerical Evaluation of Hydraulic and Stability Responses in Filtered Tailings Stacks Under Variable Construction Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Sérgio Leandro Scher Dias Neto,
  • Roberto Lopes Ferraz,
  • Taciano Oliveira da Silva,
  • Eduardo Antonio Gomes Marques,
  • Heraldo Nunes Pitanga,
  • Eduardo Souza Cândido

摘要

The increasing demand for sustainable mining practices has intensified the focus on filtered tailings stacking as a safer and more environmentally responsible alternative for waste management. However, the inherent variability in tailings material properties and environmental conditions poses significant challenges for achieving optimal compaction, which can compromise geotechnical stability if not adequately addressed. This study investigates the influence of unsaturated hydraulic properties on the seepage and mechanical behavior of iron ore tailings stacks, focusing on the effects of void ratio variations, material heterogeneity, and undercompaction during construction under alternating weather conditions. The numerical evaluation applies fully coupled seepage–deformation simulations to investigate transient hydraulic responses and slope stability across various construction scenarios. Key findings reveal that lower void ratios, despite material heterogeneity, effectively enhance geotechnical stability by limiting seepage within the tailings stack and allowing matric suction to prevail, particularly along the slope of the stack. In contrast, undercompacted scenarios exhibit rapid saturation, perched water tables, and increased pore pressures, significantly reducing Factors of Safety, especially during early construction stages. These scenarios are highly sensitive to weather conditions, with rainy periods intensifying saturation and pore pressure buildup. These insights highlight the importance of precise compaction strategies to mitigate risks associated with tailings variability and seasonal rainfall. The proposed framework offers a robust foundation for designing and assessing filtered tailings stacks, enhancing their safety and resilience while addressing the challenges of unsaturated soil mechanics and environmental interactions.