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<p>The Char Dham National Highway project in Uttarakhand Himalaya aims to increase connectivity among the Char Dham pilgrimage places (Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri). New road construction and extension widely magnify the high frequency and magnitude of landslides in the tectonically active Garhwal Himalayan region. The principal objectives of this research are; (i) to find out the relationship between landslide frequency and the expansion of roads; (ii) to examine the rock strength along the road sections and susceptibility. Here, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used for the identification of landslides. A Schmidt hammer rebound test was carried out for the inspection of rock strength. The Limit Equilibrium Method has been applied for the measurement of slope stability and grouted tiebacks have been recommended as a suitable slope management technique. The SVM classifier indicated that the number of landslides was extremely increased after the implementation of this project. Results illustrated that a high frequency of landslides occurred in the vicinity of road sections, and 81% of occurrences were confined within a 100-m buffer zone from the road. The road section from Rishikesh to Dharasu is a significant landslide hotspot zone (with a 95% confidence level) due to exposed geological structures. The Schmidt hammer rebound test showed that the higher Himalayan Crystalline rock group is relatively stable (rebound value &gt; 50) compared to the meta-sedimentary rock formations of the lower or middle Himalayas (&lt; 30). Here, proper installation of grouted tiebacks with suitable bond length, bond strength, tensile capacity, and plate capacity should be a proper slope management process.</p>

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Char Dham Highway Construction and the Surge in Landslide Frequency and Magnitude in the Garhwal Himalayas, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Soumik Saha,
  • Biswajit Bera

摘要

The Char Dham National Highway project in Uttarakhand Himalaya aims to increase connectivity among the Char Dham pilgrimage places (Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri). New road construction and extension widely magnify the high frequency and magnitude of landslides in the tectonically active Garhwal Himalayan region. The principal objectives of this research are; (i) to find out the relationship between landslide frequency and the expansion of roads; (ii) to examine the rock strength along the road sections and susceptibility. Here, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used for the identification of landslides. A Schmidt hammer rebound test was carried out for the inspection of rock strength. The Limit Equilibrium Method has been applied for the measurement of slope stability and grouted tiebacks have been recommended as a suitable slope management technique. The SVM classifier indicated that the number of landslides was extremely increased after the implementation of this project. Results illustrated that a high frequency of landslides occurred in the vicinity of road sections, and 81% of occurrences were confined within a 100-m buffer zone from the road. The road section from Rishikesh to Dharasu is a significant landslide hotspot zone (with a 95% confidence level) due to exposed geological structures. The Schmidt hammer rebound test showed that the higher Himalayan Crystalline rock group is relatively stable (rebound value > 50) compared to the meta-sedimentary rock formations of the lower or middle Himalayas (< 30). Here, proper installation of grouted tiebacks with suitable bond length, bond strength, tensile capacity, and plate capacity should be a proper slope management process.