<p>The stabilization of rock slopes has long been a primary focus of researchers in civil engineering, particularly in the fields of geotechnics and road construction. Due to the layered nature of rock slopes, their behavior is often complex. One notable behavior is toppling failure in anti-dip rock slopes. Although this issue has received increased attention in recent years, various factors influence the failure and toppling mechanisms of such slopes. In this study, the effect of the inclination angle of rock layers relative to the horizontal was investigated through laboratory experiments, and the results were compared with numerical analyses using the UDEC distinct element software for rock environments. Furthermore, the effect of layer thickness was also examined in the numerical simulations. The results indicate that for layers inclined at 40 degrees, the toppling failure zone is relatively small, and the failure surface runs parallel to the slope face. In contrast, in slopes with layers inclined at 50 degrees, the toppling failure zone is significantly larger, featuring a stepped failure surface and a triangular-shaped toppled zone. Slopes with 60-degree layers exhibit behavior that falls between these two cases. The displacement measurements at the slope crest support these findings: the maximum horizontal displacement for the 40-degree slope is 25 mm, for the 50-degree slope it is 48 mm, and for the 60-degree slope it is 37 mm.</p>