<p>During underground coal mining, the floor aquiclude represents an important barrier that prevents water inrush accidents. A systematic evaluation of the water-resisting capacity of fault floors and its influencing factors is significant for optimizing prevention and control strategies. However, relative theoretical weights for mining- and fault-related factors are yet to be determined. Hence, in this study, analytical solutions for the critical water inrush pressure were derived based on a limit equilibrium mechanical model for fault-affected floor aquicludes. The variation law of the critical water inrush pressure with influencing factors was investigated through a single-factor test. The orthogonal test method was employed to perform a visual analysis, variance analysis, and weight matrix analysis, thereby determining the primary and secondary order, significance (sensitivity) level, and weight coefficients of different factors. The critical water inrush pressure was positively correlated with the mining depth, aquiclude thickness, compaction rate, fault cohesion, and fault friction angle, whereas it was negatively correlated with the mining distance and fault dip. The order of the factors affecting the variation range of the critical water inrush pressure (from high to low) was as follows: compaction rate, mining distance, aquiclude thickness, fault dip, fault cohesion, mining depth, and fault friction angle. The weights of the mining- and fault-related factors were 0.772 and 0.228, respectively. Among the factors, the mining distance, aquiclude thickness, and compaction rate were the main factors controlling the water-resisting capacity of the fault floor, with their weights being approximately 0.2463, 0.2023, and 0.2769, respectively. The research results can provide both theoretical basis and decision-making support for the evaluation and prevention of water inrush from fault floors and contribute to enhancing safety management in mining operations.</p>