<p>With the continuous advancement of global high-speed railway modernization, the mileage of high-speed railways is growing rapidly. Meanwhile, the speed and load of trains are constantly increasing, which consequently leads to a corresponding rise in the vibration intensity generated by trains. In the construction of high-speed railways in mountainous regions, the increase in train-induced vibration should be taken into account. The environmental vibration caused by trains has attracted growing attention from scholars. In this study, suitable materials are selected to construct a homogeneous slope model. The single-wheel-axle loads of the train are simulated by applying single-point sinusoidal loads using a vibration exciter. The acceleration response of the slope model under loading is collected and analyzed to explore the influences of load amplitude, frequency, and vibration source location on the dynamic response of the slope. Furthermore, three-dimensional numerical models of a homogeneous slope and a slope with a weak interlayer are established based on the finite element software Abaqus. Simplified train loads are applied to these three-dimensional slope models by means of the vdload subroutine. Through simulation, the dynamic response distribution laws of train-vibration load on the surface of rocky slopes are analyzed. The study provides a certain foundation for subsequent research on the fatigue deterioration of slope rock under train loading.</p>