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<p>Cover crops are often promoted for improving soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Yet, few studies have investigated their potential to enhance nitrogen (N) use efficiency for grain sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) in the US Great Plains. We used 3-yr data (2014–2016) from a long-term study (2007–2016) in eastern Kansas to assess the effects of cover crops and double-crop soybean (DSB, <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr) on grain sorghum NUE. Six fallow management treatments were imposed after wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) harvest in a wheat–sorghum–soybean cropping system: late-maturing soybean (LMS), sorghum–sudangrass (SS; <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> × <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> var. sudanese), crimson clover (CL; <i>Trifolium incarnatum</i> L.), daikon radish (DR; <i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.), plus a chemical fallow (CF, no cover crop) as a control and a DSB (cash crop alternative). 5 N rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180&#xa0;kg N ha<sup><b>−</b>1</sup>) were applied to sorghum. Our results showed that fallow management did not interact with N fertilizer and did not increase sorghum N recovery efficiency. Agronomic efficiency, partial-factor productivity, and other plant-based NUEs were affected by the SS cover crop, which limited soil N availability compared to the other fallow management options. Although we found no evidence of increased NUE with DSB, LMS, CL, and DR, these options may still provide other environmental and economic benefits in this region. Building from this work, we encourage further research to evaluate their potential contributions to NUE and improved N management under different conditions.</p>

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Cover crops and double-crop soybean provided limited gains in grain sorghum nitrogen use efficiency in a long-term no-till system in the U.S. great plains

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Giovani Preza Fontes,
  • Peter Tomlinson,
  • Kraig Roozeboom,
  • Dorivar Ruiz Diaz

摘要

Cover crops are often promoted for improving soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Yet, few studies have investigated their potential to enhance nitrogen (N) use efficiency for grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in the US Great Plains. We used 3-yr data (2014–2016) from a long-term study (2007–2016) in eastern Kansas to assess the effects of cover crops and double-crop soybean (DSB, Glycine max (L.) Merr) on grain sorghum NUE. Six fallow management treatments were imposed after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest in a wheat–sorghum–soybean cropping system: late-maturing soybean (LMS), sorghum–sudangrass (SS; Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum bicolor var. sudanese), crimson clover (CL; Trifolium incarnatum L.), daikon radish (DR; Raphanus sativus L.), plus a chemical fallow (CF, no cover crop) as a control and a DSB (cash crop alternative). 5 N rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha−1) were applied to sorghum. Our results showed that fallow management did not interact with N fertilizer and did not increase sorghum N recovery efficiency. Agronomic efficiency, partial-factor productivity, and other plant-based NUEs were affected by the SS cover crop, which limited soil N availability compared to the other fallow management options. Although we found no evidence of increased NUE with DSB, LMS, CL, and DR, these options may still provide other environmental and economic benefits in this region. Building from this work, we encourage further research to evaluate their potential contributions to NUE and improved N management under different conditions.