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<p>Steroid hormones play a pivotal role in fish sex differentiation, yet the dynamic expression patterns of key steroidogenic enzymes during this process remain incompletely characterized. Here, we combined genome-wide identification, time series transcriptomes spanning gonadal development (5–360&#xa0;days post-hatch), and multiple hormone treatment experiments (17α-methyltestosterone, estrone, and etonogestrel) to investigate the Cyp11, Cyp17, Cyp19, and Cyp21 subfamilies in mandarin fish (<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>). Seven steroidogenic Cyp genes were identified, showing teleost-specific expansion,&#xa0;with one duplicated pair (<i>cyp17a2</i> and <i>cyp2u1</i>) exhibiting strong purifying selection. Expression profiling revealed pronounced sexually dimorphic and stage-specific patterns: During female differentiation (20–30&#xa0;days), <i>cyp19a1a</i> and associated genes were highly expressed, coinciding with ovarian differentiation; during male differentiation (30–60&#xa0;days), <i>cyp17a2</i> and related genes were upregulated, aligning with testicular development. Exogenous hormone treatments further demonstrated that these genes are dynamically responsive: <i>cyp19a1a</i> and <i>cyp17a2</i> were highly responsive to androgenic and progestogenic treatments, and their expression changes correlated closely with gonadal sex reversal phenotypes observed histologically. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive expression atlas of steroidogenic Cyp genes during gonadal differentiation and identifies key hormonally responsive candidates for sex control in aquaculture.</p>

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Sexually dimorphic expression and hormonal responsiveness of steroidogenic Cyp genes during gonadal differentiation in mandarin fish

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Jieming Zhang,
  • Shengyue Lin,
  • Ziyan Deng,
  • Weijian Chen,
  • Guojun Cai,
  • Min Zhang,
  • Lilin Zhan,
  • Chong Han,
  • Jian Gong,
  • Qiang Li

摘要

Steroid hormones play a pivotal role in fish sex differentiation, yet the dynamic expression patterns of key steroidogenic enzymes during this process remain incompletely characterized. Here, we combined genome-wide identification, time series transcriptomes spanning gonadal development (5–360 days post-hatch), and multiple hormone treatment experiments (17α-methyltestosterone, estrone, and etonogestrel) to investigate the Cyp11, Cyp17, Cyp19, and Cyp21 subfamilies in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Seven steroidogenic Cyp genes were identified, showing teleost-specific expansion, with one duplicated pair (cyp17a2 and cyp2u1) exhibiting strong purifying selection. Expression profiling revealed pronounced sexually dimorphic and stage-specific patterns: During female differentiation (20–30 days), cyp19a1a and associated genes were highly expressed, coinciding with ovarian differentiation; during male differentiation (30–60 days), cyp17a2 and related genes were upregulated, aligning with testicular development. Exogenous hormone treatments further demonstrated that these genes are dynamically responsive: cyp19a1a and cyp17a2 were highly responsive to androgenic and progestogenic treatments, and their expression changes correlated closely with gonadal sex reversal phenotypes observed histologically. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive expression atlas of steroidogenic Cyp genes during gonadal differentiation and identifies key hormonally responsive candidates for sex control in aquaculture.