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<p>This study was conducted to determine the olfactory sensitivity of brown-marbled grouper <i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i> juveniles [22—24&#xa0;cm in total length; 207.5 ± 41.1&#xa0;g (mean ± S.D.) in body weight] to 16 L-amino acids using electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording. The amino acids—cysteine, glycine, phenylalanine, serine, proline, alanine, lysine, arginine, glutamic acid, methionine, histidine, leucine, valine, glutamine, asparagine, and betaine were tested at 10<sup>–3</sup>&#xa0;M concentration. Each amino acid was tested on five individuals. Cysteine a neutral amino acid, evoked the highest olfactory response (also used as the positive control) in the fish, and this result was significantly higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) than those of all other amino acids. This result confirmed that the neutral amino acid receptor in the <i>E. fuscoguttatus</i> has a much higher affinity for cysteine than the other neutral amino acids, such as glutamine, leucine, and methionine. The olfactory responses triggered by lysine and arginine (the basic [guanidine-containing] amino acids) were the largest after cysteine, and the response for lysine was significantly higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) than that of aspartic acid (the acidic amino acid). These outcomes suggested that the stimulatory effectiveness of amino acids to the <i>E. fuscoguttatus</i> olfactory epithelium could be neutral &gt; basic &gt; acidic amino acids. The olfactory response of <i>E. fuscoguttatus</i> significantly decreased when the concentration level of cysteine decreased, and the threshold level to trigger the response was determined at 10<sup>–5</sup>&#xa0;M. Behavioural assays are recommended in further study to determine the fish response to these amino acids.</p>

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Olfactory response of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) juveniles to amino acids as determined through electro-olfactogram

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Leong-Seng Lim,
  • Kianann Tan,
  • Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal,
  • Hon Jung Liew,
  • Gunzo Kawamura,
  • Rossita Shapawi,
  • Kazuhiko Anraku

摘要

This study was conducted to determine the olfactory sensitivity of brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus juveniles [22—24 cm in total length; 207.5 ± 41.1 g (mean ± S.D.) in body weight] to 16 L-amino acids using electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording. The amino acids—cysteine, glycine, phenylalanine, serine, proline, alanine, lysine, arginine, glutamic acid, methionine, histidine, leucine, valine, glutamine, asparagine, and betaine were tested at 10–3 M concentration. Each amino acid was tested on five individuals. Cysteine a neutral amino acid, evoked the highest olfactory response (also used as the positive control) in the fish, and this result was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of all other amino acids. This result confirmed that the neutral amino acid receptor in the E. fuscoguttatus has a much higher affinity for cysteine than the other neutral amino acids, such as glutamine, leucine, and methionine. The olfactory responses triggered by lysine and arginine (the basic [guanidine-containing] amino acids) were the largest after cysteine, and the response for lysine was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of aspartic acid (the acidic amino acid). These outcomes suggested that the stimulatory effectiveness of amino acids to the E. fuscoguttatus olfactory epithelium could be neutral > basic > acidic amino acids. The olfactory response of E. fuscoguttatus significantly decreased when the concentration level of cysteine decreased, and the threshold level to trigger the response was determined at 10–5 M. Behavioural assays are recommended in further study to determine the fish response to these amino acids.