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<p>The development of sustainable fire suppression materials has gained increasing attention due to environmental and operational limitations associated with conventional extinguishing agents. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing marble dust, which primarily consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), an abundant industrial byproduct, as a fire extinguishing agent in a nitrogen-pressurized portable fire extinguisher system. Controlled experiments were conducted using Class B (diesel) fires within a custom-built chamber. Three marble dust loading conditions (1.36&#xa0;kg, 1.81&#xa0;kg, and 2.27&#xa0;kg) were evaluated based on extinguishing time, agent consumption, and reignition behavior. A commercial 2.27-kg dry chemical extinguisher was tested under identical conditions for benchmarking. Results indicate that all marble dust configurations successfully extinguished the fire and prevented reignition within the observation period. The 1.81-kg configuration achieved the fastest suppression (mean = 8.10&#xa0;s), followed by the 2.27-kg (8.37&#xa0;s) and 1.36-kg (8.83&#xa0;s) configurations. Corresponding mean agent consumption values were 1.25&#xa0;kg, 1.09&#xa0;kg, and 0.9&#xa0;kg, respectively. Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that marble dust loading significantly influenced both extinguishing time and agent consumption (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Although the commercial dry chemical extinguisher demonstrated superior suppression speed (6.47&#xa0;s), marble dust exhibited comparable material usage and consistent suppression performance without reignition. The observed fire suppression is primarily attributed to physical blanketing and heat absorption. Although CaCO₃ decomposition may theoretically contribute to CO₂ release at sufficiently high temperatures, this mechanism was not experimentally verified in the present study. These findings demonstrate the preliminary feasibility of marble dust as a sustainable fire suppression material for controlled small-scale Class B diesel fires. The results further highlight opportunities for valorizing industrial waste into potential fire suppression applications under controlled conditions, particularly in regions with abundant marble byproducts. Future work should focus on particle characterization, discharge optimization, and large-scale validation to improve system performance and applicability.</p>

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Experimental Evaluation of Marble Dust as a Sustainable Fire Suppression Agent in a Nitrogen-Pressurized Portable Extinguisher

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Vargas Carmelo,
  • Harvey Jeff Rico,
  • James Patrick Meren,
  • John Earl Tomaca,
  • Mohammad Ryan Manaros,
  • Christian Mortel,
  • Jerome Gacu

摘要

The development of sustainable fire suppression materials has gained increasing attention due to environmental and operational limitations associated with conventional extinguishing agents. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing marble dust, which primarily consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), an abundant industrial byproduct, as a fire extinguishing agent in a nitrogen-pressurized portable fire extinguisher system. Controlled experiments were conducted using Class B (diesel) fires within a custom-built chamber. Three marble dust loading conditions (1.36 kg, 1.81 kg, and 2.27 kg) were evaluated based on extinguishing time, agent consumption, and reignition behavior. A commercial 2.27-kg dry chemical extinguisher was tested under identical conditions for benchmarking. Results indicate that all marble dust configurations successfully extinguished the fire and prevented reignition within the observation period. The 1.81-kg configuration achieved the fastest suppression (mean = 8.10 s), followed by the 2.27-kg (8.37 s) and 1.36-kg (8.83 s) configurations. Corresponding mean agent consumption values were 1.25 kg, 1.09 kg, and 0.9 kg, respectively. Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that marble dust loading significantly influenced both extinguishing time and agent consumption (p < 0.05). Although the commercial dry chemical extinguisher demonstrated superior suppression speed (6.47 s), marble dust exhibited comparable material usage and consistent suppression performance without reignition. The observed fire suppression is primarily attributed to physical blanketing and heat absorption. Although CaCO₃ decomposition may theoretically contribute to CO₂ release at sufficiently high temperatures, this mechanism was not experimentally verified in the present study. These findings demonstrate the preliminary feasibility of marble dust as a sustainable fire suppression material for controlled small-scale Class B diesel fires. The results further highlight opportunities for valorizing industrial waste into potential fire suppression applications under controlled conditions, particularly in regions with abundant marble byproducts. Future work should focus on particle characterization, discharge optimization, and large-scale validation to improve system performance and applicability.