<p>Energy storage stations utilizing lithium iron phosphate batteries provide an effective solution to the challenges associated with renewable energy storage. However, the associated risk of thermal runaway, leading to fires and gas explosions, poses a significant threat to public safety. A numerical study was conducted to analyze the explosion characteristics of flammable gases released during thermal runaway of lithium batteries in a prefabricated cabin of an energy storage power station. The research focused on flame trajectory, explosion pressure, flame temperature, and combustion rate under different conditions. The results demonstrate that that the explosion severity increases with longer gas leakage durations but decreases with extended gas diffusion periods prior to ignition. The most intense explosion, characterized by peak temperature, overpressure, and combustion rate,The most intense explosion, characterized by peak temperature, overpressure, and combustion rate, occurs when ignition is initiated 8–10 seconds after leakage begins, following a post-release diffusion time of 0–4 seconds. For immediate ignition scenarios, an ignition height of 1.85 m was found to produce the maximum explosion intensity. The generated blast wave is capable of damaging the pressure relief panels of adjacent cabins, while flames can spread through these openings, thereby escalating the risk of secondary explosions. Consequently, implementing robust fire separation or explosion-proof barriers between adjacent cabins is critical. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of gas explosion hazards in prefabricated energy storage cabins and provide essential insights for enhancing the safety design and operational protocols of energy storage power stations.</p>