<p>We present the BLISMM (Blurring Interference Seeing Motion Monitor), a compact pupil-plane mask instrument measuring simultaneously the Fried parameter&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the per-frame coherence time&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the isoplanatic angle&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from a single video sequence on a bright star. A three-aperture mask combines a DIMM channel for&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> [<CitationRef CitationID="CR21">21</CitationRef>], a Fizeau interferometric channel for&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and an aperture scintillation channel for&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> [<CitationRef CitationID="CR5">5</CitationRef>]. The central contribution is a per-frame expression for&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> derived directly from the contrast degradation of Fizeau fringes within individual exposures, without requiring knowledge of the atmospheric wind speed profile. Unlike the GDIMM [<CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>], which estimates&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from angle-of-arrival statistics leading to an effective wind speed, or the SHIMM [<CitationRef CitationID="CR18">18</CitationRef>], which derives&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from the power spectrum of wavefront defocus over temporal sequences, the BLISMM provides an instantaneous&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at frame rate. On-sky validation at two French observatories (2014 and 2023) yields a linear correlation slope&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(=1.00\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R^2=0.98\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> over 2033 frames between the fringe-based&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and an independent&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> estimate. Mean values from the 2023 campaign: <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_0=55\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>&#xa0;mm (seeing <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\approx 2.4''\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at 656&#xa0;nm), <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)=1.57\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>&#xa0;ms, <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _0=9.75''\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The per-frame&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau _0(n)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> output enables real-time frame selection for lucky imaging without wind speed data.</p>

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The Blurring Interference Seeing Motion Monitor (BLISMM): a compact instrument for simultaneous measurement of \(r_0\), per-frame \(\tau _0(n)\), and \(\theta _0\) without wind speed measurement

  • B. Trégon,
  • G. Nicque,
  • W. Benharbone,
  • M. Lavaud,
  • A-R. Camboulives

摘要

We present the BLISMM (Blurring Interference Seeing Motion Monitor), a compact pupil-plane mask instrument measuring simultaneously the Fried parameter  \(r_0\) , the per-frame coherence time  \(\tau _0(n)\) , and the isoplanatic angle  \(\theta _0\) from a single video sequence on a bright star. A three-aperture mask combines a DIMM channel for  \(r_0\) [21], a Fizeau interferometric channel for  \(\tau _0(n)\) , and an aperture scintillation channel for  \(\theta _0\) [5]. The central contribution is a per-frame expression for  \(\tau _0(n)\) derived directly from the contrast degradation of Fizeau fringes within individual exposures, without requiring knowledge of the atmospheric wind speed profile. Unlike the GDIMM [1], which estimates  \(\tau _0\) from angle-of-arrival statistics leading to an effective wind speed, or the SHIMM [18], which derives  \(\tau _0\) from the power spectrum of wavefront defocus over temporal sequences, the BLISMM provides an instantaneous  \(\tau _0(n)\) at frame rate. On-sky validation at two French observatories (2014 and 2023) yields a linear correlation slope  \(=1.00\) and \(R^2=0.98\) over 2033 frames between the fringe-based  \(\tau _0(n)\) and an independent  \(\tau _0\) estimate. Mean values from the 2023 campaign: \(r_0=55\)  mm (seeing \(\approx 2.4''\) at 656 nm), \(\tau _0(n)=1.57\)  ms, \(\theta _0=9.75''\) . The per-frame  \(\tau _0(n)\) output enables real-time frame selection for lucky imaging without wind speed data.