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<p>We detail the REACH radiometric system designed to enable measurements of the 21-cm neutral hydrogen line. Included is the radiometer architecture and end-to-end system simulations as well as a discussion of the challenges intrinsic to highly-calibratable system development. Following this, we share laboratory results based on the calculation of noise wave parameters utilising an over-constrained least squares approach. For five hours of integration on a custom-made source with comparable impedance to that of the antenna used in the field, we demonstrate a calibration RMSE of 80 mK. This paper therefore documents the state of the calibrator and data analysis in December 2022 in Cambridge before shipping to South Africa.</p>

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Receiver design for the REACH global 21-cm signal experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Ian L. V. Roque,
  • Nima Razavi-Ghods,
  • Steven H. Carey,
  • John A. Ely,
  • Will Handley,
  • Alessio Magro,
  • Riccardo Chiello,
  • Tian Huang,
  • P. Alexander,
  • D. Anstey,
  • G. Bernardi,
  • H. T. J. Bevins,
  • J. Cavillot,
  • W. Croukamp,
  • J. Cumner,
  • E. de Lera Acedo,
  • D. I. L. de Villiers,
  • A. Fialkov,
  • T. Gessey-Jones,
  • Q. Gueuning,
  • A. T. Josaitis,
  • G. Kulkarni,
  • S. A. K. Leeney,
  • R. Maiolino,
  • P. D. Meerburg,
  • S. Mittal,
  • M. Pagano,
  • S. Pegwal,
  • C. Pieterse,
  • J. R. Pritchard,
  • A. Saxena,
  • K. H. Scheutwinkel,
  • P. Scott,
  • E. Shen,
  • P. H. Sims,
  • O. Smirnov,
  • M. Spinelli,
  • K. Zarb-Adami

摘要

We detail the REACH radiometric system designed to enable measurements of the 21-cm neutral hydrogen line. Included is the radiometer architecture and end-to-end system simulations as well as a discussion of the challenges intrinsic to highly-calibratable system development. Following this, we share laboratory results based on the calculation of noise wave parameters utilising an over-constrained least squares approach. For five hours of integration on a custom-made source with comparable impedance to that of the antenna used in the field, we demonstrate a calibration RMSE of 80 mK. This paper therefore documents the state of the calibrator and data analysis in December 2022 in Cambridge before shipping to South Africa.