<p>Model organisms are species selected for studies due to characteristics that make them ideal for research purposes. These species are chosen for their suitability for scientific investigations. For ecological and evolutionary studies, good model organisms typically exhibit the following characteristics: (1) small genome size; (2) rapid reproductive cycle; and (3) easy manipulation. A small genome size is important for quicker and easier gene sequencing. Rapid reproduction allows for the generation of offspring within a short period, facilitating the study of reproductive processes. Lastly, easy manipulability enables the establishment of colonies in laboratory and field settings for experimentation. In this regard, the moss <i>Bryum argenteum</i> stands out for possessing these three characteristics, along with others that make it a suitable model organism for ecological and evolutionary studies. Accordingly, a growing body of literature has already used B. argenteum in ecological and evolutionary research. Thus, we conducted a literature review and compiled all ecological and evolutionary studies using <i>B. argenteum</i> as a model species. Our review emphasized themes such as reproduction, environmental adaptation, genetics and biogeography, bioindicators, physiology, interactions, and soil crusts, encompassing a total of 80 studies. Additionally, we identified three important and timely topics for further research: tolerance to low temperatures, macroecology, and reproduction. We hope that this study aids researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of the ecology and evolution of <i>B. argenteum</i> and inspires further investigations into this model organism, which exhibits fascinating characteristics for elucidating plant ecology and evolution.</p>