<p><i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. (MO), a highly valued perennial tree cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical regions, is widely recognised for its exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties. Notably, all parts of the plant are utilised, resulting in minimal to no waste. Despite its global importance as a multipurpose crop, crop improvement efforts have achieved limited success, with few improved cultivars developed to date. Crop improvement relies on gene and genome modulation, either indirectly via conventional breeding or directly via biotechnological approaches. The species’ long-life span and sexual incompatibility barriers pose significant challenges to traditional breeding approaches, necessitating alternative strategies for genetic improvement. Thus, biotechnological interventions, along with comprehensive omics studies, are essential for the effective enhancement and utilisation of the valuable traits offered by this miracle tree. This review provides an update on the application of biotechnological tools such as tissue culture, omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and genetic engineering, and examines their current contributions and future prospects to the genetic improvement of MO.</p>