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<p>Sorghum is an essential staple cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Its uses have expanded to include livestock feed, forage, brewing, and ethanol production. However, sorghum accessions in eastern Africa remain underutilized by breeding programs as potential sources of genes for improving grain quality for various end-use products. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of sorghum germplasm to enhance grain quality. A diversity panel of 94 sorghum germplasms, including landraces, commercial varieties, and breeding lines from eastern Africa, was assembled. We evaluated the panel in field trials at two locations in Kenya, focusing on grain quality traits. Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using 6994 SNP markers from Diversity Array Technology. Out of 94 germplasm evaluated, 62 were durra, 14 were bicolor, 13 were caudatum, and 5 were guinea. Germplasm was grouped into two distinct genetic clusters based on population structure and hierarchical clustering. Germplasm from Cluster 1 exhibited high starch content, while those from Cluster 2 had high seed tannin and nitrogen levels. The germplasm showed significant diversity for quality traits, indicating its potential for selecting desirable grain quality alleles to improve sorghum products. The revealed diversity, including genotypes Gicamunkoni, EST 42, and Siaya 46–1 from cluster 1, which have high starch levels, and genotypes Shambuko and Macia from cluster 2, characterized by low grain tannin and high nitrogen, provides breeders with opportunities to develop strategies for enhancing sorghum grain quality.</p>

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Genetic variation and population structure of the sorghum germplasm panel of Eastern Africa origin through DArTseq

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Kiplagat Kurgat,
  • Pascal P. Okwiri Ojwang,
  • Erick K. Cheruiyot,
  • Cathrine Ziyomo

摘要

Sorghum is an essential staple cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Its uses have expanded to include livestock feed, forage, brewing, and ethanol production. However, sorghum accessions in eastern Africa remain underutilized by breeding programs as potential sources of genes for improving grain quality for various end-use products. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of sorghum germplasm to enhance grain quality. A diversity panel of 94 sorghum germplasms, including landraces, commercial varieties, and breeding lines from eastern Africa, was assembled. We evaluated the panel in field trials at two locations in Kenya, focusing on grain quality traits. Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using 6994 SNP markers from Diversity Array Technology. Out of 94 germplasm evaluated, 62 were durra, 14 were bicolor, 13 were caudatum, and 5 were guinea. Germplasm was grouped into two distinct genetic clusters based on population structure and hierarchical clustering. Germplasm from Cluster 1 exhibited high starch content, while those from Cluster 2 had high seed tannin and nitrogen levels. The germplasm showed significant diversity for quality traits, indicating its potential for selecting desirable grain quality alleles to improve sorghum products. The revealed diversity, including genotypes Gicamunkoni, EST 42, and Siaya 46–1 from cluster 1, which have high starch levels, and genotypes Shambuko and Macia from cluster 2, characterized by low grain tannin and high nitrogen, provides breeders with opportunities to develop strategies for enhancing sorghum grain quality.