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<p>Bacterial wilt, caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, is one of the most destructive diseases of eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.), leading to substantial yield losses, particularly in the coastal and eastern regions of India. In the present study, the local <i>Ralstonia</i> isolates were isolated and identified based on characteristic pink to light red colonies on TZC medium and 16S rDNA/rRNA gene sequencing, confirming their identity as <i>R. solanacearum</i> phylotype I, which predominates in South and Southeast Asia. Fifty eggplant genotypes, including wild and cultivated accessions, were evaluated for resistance under both artificial inoculation and field conditions with high pathogen pressure. Ten genotypes (one wild and nine cultivated) exhibited high resistance, whereas the susceptible check ‘Pusa Purple Long’ showed complete wilting within one month. Genetic analysis of the cross Pusa Purple Long x CARI-1 revealed clear segregation in response to <i>R. solanacearum</i>. The F<sub>1</sub> plants showed intermediate resistance, while the F<sub>2</sub> population deviated significantly from the expected 3:1 Mendelian ratio (χ<sup>2</sup> = 38.53; df = 1; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), indicating a quantitative or polygenic inheritance pattern rather than a simple monogenic control. Molecular marker analysis using SSR primers previously reported for CARI-1-based populations identified only one polymorphic primer (emh02E08) between parents, which failed to show consistent segregation in the F<sub>2</sub> population. This inconsistency suggests that strain-specific interactions and host genetic background effects influence marker-trait associations. Overall, the findings highlight CARI-1 as a valuable source of polygenic resistance to bacterial wilt and underscore the necessity of developing robust, broad-spectrum molecular markers. Future research integrating high-density genotyping and multi-strain phenotyping across environments will be crucial to identify stable marker-trait linkages for use in marker-assisted selection in eggplant breeding programs.</p>

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Genetic adventures in eggplant: a journey through germplasm diversity and molecular marker validation for battling bacterial wilt in Eastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Sunanya Das,
  • Debasmita Das,
  • Satyaprakash Barik,
  • Gobinda Chandra Acharya,
  • Raj Kumar Joshi,
  • Rukmini Mishra

摘要

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), leading to substantial yield losses, particularly in the coastal and eastern regions of India. In the present study, the local Ralstonia isolates were isolated and identified based on characteristic pink to light red colonies on TZC medium and 16S rDNA/rRNA gene sequencing, confirming their identity as R. solanacearum phylotype I, which predominates in South and Southeast Asia. Fifty eggplant genotypes, including wild and cultivated accessions, were evaluated for resistance under both artificial inoculation and field conditions with high pathogen pressure. Ten genotypes (one wild and nine cultivated) exhibited high resistance, whereas the susceptible check ‘Pusa Purple Long’ showed complete wilting within one month. Genetic analysis of the cross Pusa Purple Long x CARI-1 revealed clear segregation in response to R. solanacearum. The F1 plants showed intermediate resistance, while the F2 population deviated significantly from the expected 3:1 Mendelian ratio (χ2 = 38.53; df = 1; p < 0.0001), indicating a quantitative or polygenic inheritance pattern rather than a simple monogenic control. Molecular marker analysis using SSR primers previously reported for CARI-1-based populations identified only one polymorphic primer (emh02E08) between parents, which failed to show consistent segregation in the F2 population. This inconsistency suggests that strain-specific interactions and host genetic background effects influence marker-trait associations. Overall, the findings highlight CARI-1 as a valuable source of polygenic resistance to bacterial wilt and underscore the necessity of developing robust, broad-spectrum molecular markers. Future research integrating high-density genotyping and multi-strain phenotyping across environments will be crucial to identify stable marker-trait linkages for use in marker-assisted selection in eggplant breeding programs.