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<p>A total of 96 emmer wheat accessions from the Indian National Genebank were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance across three locations Delhi, Pune, and Pantnagar using an alpha lattice design under timely and late sown conditions. Significant variation was observed among accessions across locations and sowing conditions for agronomic and physiological traits. High heritability was recorded for days to anthesis (81.1%) under timely sown condition, and for plant height (92.6%) and days to spike emergence (92.4%) under late sown condition. Heat stress impacted more on biomass and grain yield which caused average reductions to the tune of 24% and 21% respectively. Grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with flag leaf width, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, biological yield, and harvest index under timely sown conditions, whereas with harvest index, plant height, flag leaf width, normalized difference vegetation index and biological yield under late sown conditions. Principal component analysis explained 77.40% and 68.52% of the cumulative variation under timely and late sown conditions, respectively, with key contributing traits differing between sowing conditions. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into four clusters in both sowing conditions. Molecular profiling using 35 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers identified 18 markers with PIC &gt; 0.5 and 139 alleles with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.53, with the marker barc10 showing the highest polymorphism. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 9% variation between subpopulations and 90% within subpopulations, while population structure analysis classified accessions into two distinct groups. Notably, EC11071 and EC299074 were identified as stable genotypes for grain size and grain weight per spike, IC35093 and EC6912 for grain weight per spike, grain yield, and thousand grain weight, and IC535153 for grain size, grain yield, and harvest index. These findings confirm the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and highlight promising heat-tolerant genotypes that can be utilized in breeding programs to develop climate-resilient wheat varieties.</p>

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Evaluating terminal heat stress tolerance and genetic variation in emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) germplasm using morphological and molecular approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月12日

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  • Meda Alekya,
  • Jyoti Kumari,
  • Jatin Tanwar,
  • Preeti Jakhar,
  • Abhijeet Mudhale,
  • Sandhya Tyagi,
  • Shivani Sharma,
  • Neelu Jain,
  • Jai Prakash Jaiswal,
  • K. J. Yashavantha Kumar,
  • Shailendra K. Jha

摘要

A total of 96 emmer wheat accessions from the Indian National Genebank were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance across three locations Delhi, Pune, and Pantnagar using an alpha lattice design under timely and late sown conditions. Significant variation was observed among accessions across locations and sowing conditions for agronomic and physiological traits. High heritability was recorded for days to anthesis (81.1%) under timely sown condition, and for plant height (92.6%) and days to spike emergence (92.4%) under late sown condition. Heat stress impacted more on biomass and grain yield which caused average reductions to the tune of 24% and 21% respectively. Grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with flag leaf width, grains per spike, grain weight per spike, biological yield, and harvest index under timely sown conditions, whereas with harvest index, plant height, flag leaf width, normalized difference vegetation index and biological yield under late sown conditions. Principal component analysis explained 77.40% and 68.52% of the cumulative variation under timely and late sown conditions, respectively, with key contributing traits differing between sowing conditions. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into four clusters in both sowing conditions. Molecular profiling using 35 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers identified 18 markers with PIC > 0.5 and 139 alleles with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.53, with the marker barc10 showing the highest polymorphism. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 9% variation between subpopulations and 90% within subpopulations, while population structure analysis classified accessions into two distinct groups. Notably, EC11071 and EC299074 were identified as stable genotypes for grain size and grain weight per spike, IC35093 and EC6912 for grain weight per spike, grain yield, and thousand grain weight, and IC535153 for grain size, grain yield, and harvest index. These findings confirm the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and highlight promising heat-tolerant genotypes that can be utilized in breeding programs to develop climate-resilient wheat varieties.