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<p>The sacred river Ganga holds immense cultural, economic, and environmental significance in India. This study investigates stakeholders’ preferences for Ganga river cleanliness using multidimensional participation mechanisms and Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) in Haridwar, India. The DCE preferences were assessed using multiple attributes, such as monetary contribution (Willingness to Pay), time commitment (Willingness to Work), financial compensation (Willingness to Accept), and varying regulatory governance structures. Further, the study uses baseline Conditional Logit Model (CLM), Mixed Logit (MXL), and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to capture unobserved heterogeneity and segment behavior of 240 respondents. Results reveal that participation is jointly motivated by monetary and non-monetary incentives. Also, the stakeholders exhibit a strong positive preference for decentralized community-driven governance over strictly top-down state regulation. Heterogeneity analysis suggest that the higher-income individuals prefer monetary contributions, while low-income households and residents prefer to contribute through labor work for river restoration. Overall, these findings indicate the importance of hybrid governance models for inclusive, dual-payment policy designs, and the mobilization of local social capital to sustain the ecological health of the Ganga river.</p>

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Participatory environmental governance in a sacred urban river: evidence from a discrete choice experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Praveen Anthwal,
  • Anup Kumar Yadava

摘要

The sacred river Ganga holds immense cultural, economic, and environmental significance in India. This study investigates stakeholders’ preferences for Ganga river cleanliness using multidimensional participation mechanisms and Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) in Haridwar, India. The DCE preferences were assessed using multiple attributes, such as monetary contribution (Willingness to Pay), time commitment (Willingness to Work), financial compensation (Willingness to Accept), and varying regulatory governance structures. Further, the study uses baseline Conditional Logit Model (CLM), Mixed Logit (MXL), and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to capture unobserved heterogeneity and segment behavior of 240 respondents. Results reveal that participation is jointly motivated by monetary and non-monetary incentives. Also, the stakeholders exhibit a strong positive preference for decentralized community-driven governance over strictly top-down state regulation. Heterogeneity analysis suggest that the higher-income individuals prefer monetary contributions, while low-income households and residents prefer to contribute through labor work for river restoration. Overall, these findings indicate the importance of hybrid governance models for inclusive, dual-payment policy designs, and the mobilization of local social capital to sustain the ecological health of the Ganga river.