<p>Aligning macroeconomic policies, governance frameworks, and credit systems with green investment objectives is increasingly critical for global sustainable development. However, current scholarship remains dispersed across distinct disciplines, lacking an integrated perspective. This study maps the evolution of this field by analyzing 3,122 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection. An integrated analytical framework combining bibliometric analysis, co-citation clustering, Dynamic Topic Modeling, SDG semantic classification, and ARIMA forecasting is employed to uncover key thematic trajectories and future trends. Results reveal three dominant modules: macro-financial governance, sustainable finance mechanisms, and low-carbon digital transitions. Temporal analysis indicates a shift from early conceptual exploration to implementation-driven research, with strong alignment to SDGs 9, 13, and 8. Conversely, SDGs 4, 6, and 16 remain significantly underexplored, highlighting gaps in education, water resilience, and institutional equity. Forecasting models predict continued growth in energy finance and sustainability assessment, while traditional governance topics decline to some extent. These findings offer a clear roadmap for policymakers to design coordinated fiscal and regulatory frameworks. Beyond its empirical findings, this study contributes an integrated analytical framework that integrates bibliometric mapping, Dynamic Topic Modeling, SDG classification, and forecasting to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution and future direction of green investment research. By integrating digital infrastructure and inclusive governance, stakeholders can better direct capital toward equitable, long-term climate goals and address critical blind spots in the current research agenda.</p>