<p>The characteristics and influencing factors of emissions from greenhouse gas (GHG) in permafrost have not been thoroughly studied in different seasons. To reveal the changes of GHG emissions in permafrost, laboratory simulation experiments were conducted on 0–60&#xa0;cm soil in four soil ecosystems (<i>Larix gmelinii</i>, <i>Betula platyphylla</i>, mix of <i>L. gmelinii</i> and <i>Betula platyphylla</i>, peatland) of the Daxing’an Mountains, northeast China. The results showed that the permafrost soil fluxes of CO₂ and N₂O ranged from (74.15 ± 23.91) ~ (650.67 ± 19.62) and (11.03 ± 10.49) ~ (273.71 ± 34.91) µg·m^− 2·h^− 1, respectively. The permafrost soil fluxes of CH₄ in the experiments ranged from (-63.04 ± 19.15) ~ (43.90 ± 25.39) µg·m^− 2·h^− 1 (three forest ecosystems) and (112 ± 61) ~ (7463 ± 133) µg·m^− 2·h^− 1 (peatland). The four typical ecosystems were all emission sources of CO₂ and N₂O throughout the whole growing season. The change of GHG emission fluxes in the three forest ecosystems was basically the same, but the differences with peatland were obvious. The release of CH₄ in peatland soil during the growing season was higher in daytime than night. Soil moisture was the main factor contributing to CH₄ release, and anaerobic conditions caused by water level change led to an increase in CH₄ emission flux. In addition to temperature and soil moisture, soil organic carbon content and nitrogen availability were also important factors affecting GHG emissions. This study contributes to a detailed understanding of the environmental impact factors of GHG emissions in permafrost regions and provides preliminary data for estimating regional GHG fluxes.</p>