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<p>Climate change poses significant challenges for smallholder farmers in northern Ghana, threatening agricultural productivity and food security. Previous research has highlighted farmers’ climate perceptions and cataloged adaptation strategies. However, limited empirical evidence exists on the causal pathways linking perceptions to adaptation behaviors. This study employed structural equation modeling to analyze how climate perceptions influence adaptation strategies among 240 smallholder farmers across three northern regions of Ghana. Results revealed that climate perceptions influence adaptation through both direct (β = 0.112, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and indirect pathways, with risk perception serving as a significant mediator (β = 0.233, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), accounting for 49.7% of the total effect. Gender moderated these relationships, with female farmers primarily translating climate perceptions into adaptation through risk assessment (β = 0.149, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while male farmers showed stronger direct links (β = 0.236, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Agricultural development programs demonstrated differential effectiveness in facilitating perception-adaptation linkages, with participants in the Agricultural Development and Value Chain Enhancement (ADVANCE) showing the strongest total effect (β = 0.451, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The relationship between adaptation strategies and agricultural outcomes revealed non-linear patterns, with both low adaptation farmers (6.16&#xa0;kg/acre) focusing on single proven practices and high adaptation farmers (6.12&#xa0;kg/acre) using integrated practice systems significantly outperforming medium adaptation farmers (3.51&#xa0;kg/acre). These findings suggest that agricultural policies should emphasize risk communication alongside climate awareness, implement gender-sensitive approaches, develop regionally tailored interventions, and promote comprehensive adaptation packages rather than piecemeal practices to enhance climate resilience.</p>

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Environmental sustainability through climate adaptation: analyzing resource-efficient agricultural practices among smallholder farmers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Mutala Gawusu Sidik,
  • Ismail Umar-Faruk Froko,
  • Sidique Gawusu,
  • Mohammed Salisu Abubakari

摘要

Climate change poses significant challenges for smallholder farmers in northern Ghana, threatening agricultural productivity and food security. Previous research has highlighted farmers’ climate perceptions and cataloged adaptation strategies. However, limited empirical evidence exists on the causal pathways linking perceptions to adaptation behaviors. This study employed structural equation modeling to analyze how climate perceptions influence adaptation strategies among 240 smallholder farmers across three northern regions of Ghana. Results revealed that climate perceptions influence adaptation through both direct (β = 0.112, p < 0.05) and indirect pathways, with risk perception serving as a significant mediator (β = 0.233, p < 0.001), accounting for 49.7% of the total effect. Gender moderated these relationships, with female farmers primarily translating climate perceptions into adaptation through risk assessment (β = 0.149, p < 0.001), while male farmers showed stronger direct links (β = 0.236, p < 0.05). Agricultural development programs demonstrated differential effectiveness in facilitating perception-adaptation linkages, with participants in the Agricultural Development and Value Chain Enhancement (ADVANCE) showing the strongest total effect (β = 0.451, p < 0.001). The relationship between adaptation strategies and agricultural outcomes revealed non-linear patterns, with both low adaptation farmers (6.16 kg/acre) focusing on single proven practices and high adaptation farmers (6.12 kg/acre) using integrated practice systems significantly outperforming medium adaptation farmers (3.51 kg/acre). These findings suggest that agricultural policies should emphasize risk communication alongside climate awareness, implement gender-sensitive approaches, develop regionally tailored interventions, and promote comprehensive adaptation packages rather than piecemeal practices to enhance climate resilience.