<p>Cement manufacturing encounters significant environmental challenges on both global and local scales. Although numerous studies have utilized life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental repercussions of cement production and explore strategies for improving environmental performance, there is a lack of comprehensive LCA studies in the South Asian region. Addressing this gap supports regional sustainability while contributing to global insights into cement’s environmental impact and climate mitigation efforts. This study aims to address the pressing environmental impacts associated with cement production in this region, exemplified by the case study in Pakistan. SimaPro 9.0 software sourcing the background data from the Ecoinvent v3 database is used, and midpoint results with uncertainty information are calculated using the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The life cycle inventory developed in this study is applied for the first time in a case-study assessment, with all process stages evaluated using a functional unit of 1 tonne of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) produced. The analysis reveals that clinker production and cooling, as well as coal storage and milling, are key processes contributing to freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, coupled with human carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic toxicity. Clinker, coal, and electricity are recognized as the most detrimental substances. Endpoint results indicate that producing 1 ton of OPC causes the environmental impact of 2.13E-03 to human health, 4.77E-06 species.yr to ecosystems, and $4.926E + 01 worth of depletion in resources. Sensitivity analysis shows that a 5% decrease in input consumption significantly benefits the environment, especially in global warming potential, ecotoxicity, and human health impacts. Finally, in view of the results, technical measures are recommended to promote ecological balance and facilitate the transition towards sustainable cement production. </p>