<p>In a context marked by the worsening effects of climate change on the economic activity of developing countries. and in which these countries are expressing their concerns about the negligence of the role of climate change in sustainable development. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of climate change on inequality of opportunity in developing countries. As this is the first study on the relationship between these two variables, we use a new indicator that allows us to measure inequality of opportunity through life circumstances. To conduct this study, we used data from 69 developing countries for the period 2001–2018, with our main data coming from the World Bank database (2023) and the International Foundation for Development Studies and Research (2022). To take into account the endogeneity issues between the two variables in the study, we used the IV estimator (instrumental variables method). Our analysis revealed a positive relationship between inequality of opportunity and climate change, with the latter being higher in Asian countries than in African, Latin American, and Caribbean countries. As our results are robust, we recommend, on the one hand, the prioritization of climate change adaptation policies within countries (technical and financial assistance to farmers, study of risk zones, construction of resilient infrastructures and taxation of polluting activities), while avoiding falling into the trap of aid that may not be effective in resolving the problem. On the other hand, improving the quality of governance by fighting corruption, promoting access to basic goods and services, creating formal jobs, empowering women and reducing dependence on natural resources.</p>