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<p>Striking a delicate balance among ecological, economic, and energy objectives has become a central challenge for industrial structure optimization in China. However, existing studies have paid insufficient attention to how regional industrial restructuring can be optimized under the joint constraints of pollution and carbon reduction, economic growth, and energy consumption. This study hypothesizes that different constraints will lead to heterogeneous industrial adjustment paths across regions with different development stages and resource endowments. To test this hypothesis, we build an optimization model incorporating pollution and carbon reduction, economic development, and energy consumption, and apply multi-objective programming to derive optimal adjustment schemes. The results show that: (1) From 2020–2030, most provinces show declining energy intensity and stronger pollution–carbon synergies, while Shanxi, Heilongjiang and other energy-intensive regions lag. (2) Environmental and energy constraints require sacrificing growth, whereas economic constraints favor sectors with comparative advantages. (3) The eastern region fits strict pollution-carbon constraints, while central and western regions follow growth- and energy-oriented paths. Overall, the findings highlight the need for differentiated industrial restructuring strategies to better coordinate ecological governance, economic development, and energy security in China.</p>

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The delicate balance: an integrative optimization framework for industrial structures under ecological-economic-energy constraints

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Beidi Diao,
  • Yingxin Zhang,
  • Yulong Wang

摘要

Striking a delicate balance among ecological, economic, and energy objectives has become a central challenge for industrial structure optimization in China. However, existing studies have paid insufficient attention to how regional industrial restructuring can be optimized under the joint constraints of pollution and carbon reduction, economic growth, and energy consumption. This study hypothesizes that different constraints will lead to heterogeneous industrial adjustment paths across regions with different development stages and resource endowments. To test this hypothesis, we build an optimization model incorporating pollution and carbon reduction, economic development, and energy consumption, and apply multi-objective programming to derive optimal adjustment schemes. The results show that: (1) From 2020–2030, most provinces show declining energy intensity and stronger pollution–carbon synergies, while Shanxi, Heilongjiang and other energy-intensive regions lag. (2) Environmental and energy constraints require sacrificing growth, whereas economic constraints favor sectors with comparative advantages. (3) The eastern region fits strict pollution-carbon constraints, while central and western regions follow growth- and energy-oriented paths. Overall, the findings highlight the need for differentiated industrial restructuring strategies to better coordinate ecological governance, economic development, and energy security in China.