<p>Marine ranching as an ecological aquaculture model has garnered global attention for its resource conservation and habitat restoration, and has become a new growth driver for the marine economy. Technological innovation constitutes the core driving force for the sustainable development of marine ranching, covering theoretical research, resource integration and practical application in ecological restoration, intelligent aquaculture, monitoring and management. This innovation aims to overcome resource constraints and environmental pressures, thereby enhancing economic, social, and ecological benefits. However, research on the factors influencing technological innovation and relationships is limited. Thus, this study combines grounded theory (GT), Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE), and the hierarchical DEMATEL method to identify the technological innovation factors and analyze their causal relationships. Finally, targeted recommendations are proposed based on the research findings. The findings indicate that marine ranching technological innovation comprises demand, process, and outcome dimensions, encompassing eight aspects and 27 factors. The innovation model includes product innovation, process innovation, and business model innovation. A number of critical factors have been identified, with causal factors focusing on environmental support and effect factors emphasizing subjective recognition of technological innovation. Research on technological innovation influencing factors of marine ranching can clarify innovation orientations and facilitate its sustainable development.</p>