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<p>As testing grounds for institutional and policy innovation, pilot free trade zones (PFTZs) are crucial for exploring the efficient use of urban energy and green development. This study utilizes panel data from 282 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2021 to analyze the impact and mechanism of PFTZs on urban green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) using a multi-period difference-in-differences model. The findings show that, First, the establishment of PFTZs improves GTFEE by 2.2% on average. Second, PFTZs enhance GTFEE by upgrading urban digitalization, promoting green technology innovation, and facilitating high-tech industrial agglomeration. Third, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of PFTZs on GTFEE varies according to the city’s level of openness to the outside world, its market potential, and the degree of factor market development. Further analysis reveals that PFTZs have significant spatial spillover and radiation effects on neighboring regions while enhancing GTFEE. This study provides empirical support for promoting the construction of a beautiful China and building a green and sustainable development model.</p>

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Do pilot free trade zones promote sustainable development? A quasi-natural experiment on green total factor energy efficiency in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Junqing Chen,
  • Lei Liu,
  • Yue Zhang,
  • Fei He,
  • Shi Yan

摘要

As testing grounds for institutional and policy innovation, pilot free trade zones (PFTZs) are crucial for exploring the efficient use of urban energy and green development. This study utilizes panel data from 282 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2021 to analyze the impact and mechanism of PFTZs on urban green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) using a multi-period difference-in-differences model. The findings show that, First, the establishment of PFTZs improves GTFEE by 2.2% on average. Second, PFTZs enhance GTFEE by upgrading urban digitalization, promoting green technology innovation, and facilitating high-tech industrial agglomeration. Third, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of PFTZs on GTFEE varies according to the city’s level of openness to the outside world, its market potential, and the degree of factor market development. Further analysis reveals that PFTZs have significant spatial spillover and radiation effects on neighboring regions while enhancing GTFEE. This study provides empirical support for promoting the construction of a beautiful China and building a green and sustainable development model.