<p>In response to the frequent occurrence of heatwaves caused by climate change, individuals are encouraged to adopt adaptive behaviors. A series of factors affect adaptive behaviors, especially the information obtained and the perception formed. However, the relationship between the utilization of information sources, heat-related health history, risk perception, and individual adaptive behaviors is still a black box. Therefore, to identify the driving mechanism of these factors, this study conducts logistic regression analyses and mediation effect tests using data from 548 Chinese residents. The results showed that: (1) most logistic regression models exhibited satisfactory goodness of fit, with binary logistic regression models supported by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, as p-values were greater than 0.05, and ordered logistic regression models supported by the likelihood-ratio test, with p-values below 0.05; (2) logistic regression results indicated that information sources, heat-related health experiences, and risk perception significantly facilitated the implementation of adaptive behaviors, with most estimated coefficients being greater than zero and statistically significant at the 95% confidence level; and (3) bootstrapping mediation tests with 1,000 resamples suggested that risk perception exerted a significant mediating effect on the relationship between heat-related health history and adaptive behavior, as the estimated indirect effects were greater than zero and their 95% confidence intervals did not include zero. This study provides profound implications for policymakers to issue a series of targeted guidelines during heatwaves through appropriate information sources to encourage individuals to adopt effective adaptive behaviors, thereby reducing the vulnerability to heat exposure.</p>