<p>Under the background of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality” proposed by the Chinese government, it is of great significance to coordinate the relationship between transportation carbon emissions (TCE) and economic growth (EG).The research uses the allometric growth model, spatial autocorrelation model, and geographic detector to analyze the characteristics and driving mechanism of the allometric growth of TCE and EG in China from 2003 to 2022. The results show that: (1) From the perspective of temporal evolution, the vertical allometric growth coefficients have fluctuated and shown a downward trend, indicating a weak stage of economic expansion. TCE have been controlled to a certain extent. The variations in the lateral allometric growth coefficients indicate that the EG rate of most provinces is ahead of the TCE grow rate. (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the allometric relationship coefficient between TCE and EG shows a spatial distribution pattern that progresses from dispersion to concentration. The dominant type of local spatial clustering is the “high-high” type. (3) The influence of economic development level, urbanization, technological progress, industrial structure and the use of clean energy on the growth of total factor productivity is gradually increasing. (4) These influencing factors can be divided into economic factors, technical factors, and environmental factors. With the change of development stage, the dominant driving force gradually changes from economic factors to technological factors. In response to the above situation, the relevant government departments should increase efforts in developing low-carbon technologies and adopt carbon reduction measures based on local conditions.</p>