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<p>This study investigates how heterogeneous rural human capital influences the urban-rural income gap in China, with a particular focus on the moderating role of new quality productive forces. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2022, a spatial Durbin model is employed to evaluate the direct and spatial spillover effects of basic, intermediate, and advanced levels of rural human capital on income disparities. Furthermore, the study incorporates three key elements of new quality productive forces—laborers, labor tools, and labor objects—to examine their moderating effects. The results indicate that advanced rural human capital significantly contributes to narrowing the income gap, while notable spatial spillover effects are observed across regions. Additionally, new quality productive forces amplify the income-equalizing effect of higher-level human capital. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the effects of rural human capital vary substantially across Eastern, Central, and Western regions, underscoring the importance of region-specific policies. These findings provide theoretical and empirical insights into income inequality reduction and offer valuable policy implications for rural talent development and regional integration.</p>

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Bridging the urban-rural income gap the role of heterogeneous human capital and new quality productive forces in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Yijun Liu,
  • Dongping Wang,
  • Yuqin Zhang,
  • Xuekun Li

摘要

This study investigates how heterogeneous rural human capital influences the urban-rural income gap in China, with a particular focus on the moderating role of new quality productive forces. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2022, a spatial Durbin model is employed to evaluate the direct and spatial spillover effects of basic, intermediate, and advanced levels of rural human capital on income disparities. Furthermore, the study incorporates three key elements of new quality productive forces—laborers, labor tools, and labor objects—to examine their moderating effects. The results indicate that advanced rural human capital significantly contributes to narrowing the income gap, while notable spatial spillover effects are observed across regions. Additionally, new quality productive forces amplify the income-equalizing effect of higher-level human capital. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the effects of rural human capital vary substantially across Eastern, Central, and Western regions, underscoring the importance of region-specific policies. These findings provide theoretical and empirical insights into income inequality reduction and offer valuable policy implications for rural talent development and regional integration.