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<p>The improvement of a holistic view of different problems of human life leads the design of supply chains (SCs) to the way which causes less damage to the environment and makes beneficial social effects in addition to the financial profitability of the chain or in other words design a sustainable supply chain. In this paper, we develop a multi-objective mixed integer programming model for the sustainable design of a closed-loop supply chain. It is found to provide the safety of employees and customers and create more job satisfaction by investing more. Moreover, using high-tech instruments at plants producing less gas emission reduces energy consumption and decreases produced wastewater. The global reporting initiative (GRI), a credible guideline providing a trusted framework for sustainability reporting, is applied in the design and planning of considered SC. The indicators of the GRI guideline are used to measure cost, environment, and social objective functions.</p>

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Considering energy consumption, gas emissions, and produced wastewater to design a sustainable supply chain by using the global reporting initiative (GRI)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Ata Allah Taleizadeh,
  • Amir Khosrojerdi,
  • Mostafa Hajiaghaei-Keshteli,
  • Farnoosh Haghighi,
  • Mobina Mousapour Mamoudan

摘要

The improvement of a holistic view of different problems of human life leads the design of supply chains (SCs) to the way which causes less damage to the environment and makes beneficial social effects in addition to the financial profitability of the chain or in other words design a sustainable supply chain. In this paper, we develop a multi-objective mixed integer programming model for the sustainable design of a closed-loop supply chain. It is found to provide the safety of employees and customers and create more job satisfaction by investing more. Moreover, using high-tech instruments at plants producing less gas emission reduces energy consumption and decreases produced wastewater. The global reporting initiative (GRI), a credible guideline providing a trusted framework for sustainability reporting, is applied in the design and planning of considered SC. The indicators of the GRI guideline are used to measure cost, environment, and social objective functions.