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<p>The increasing demand for low-carbon, energy-efficient buildings poses a significant challenge to global sustainability goals. This study introduces a comprehensive modeling framework that explores three energy systems for residential buildings: a conventional grid-dependent unit, a grid-integrated ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, and a hybrid GSHP system augmented with concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) collectors. The analysis is based on detailed simulations using SketchUp and EnergyPlus for a multi-unit residential building in Lanzhou, China, under real-world climate and occupancy scenarios. The performance of these systems is evaluated through key metrics such as energy self-sufficiency, carbon emissions, and financial feasibility. Results reveal that the hybrid GSHP-CPVT system significantly outperforms the others, reducing annual CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from 114.8 tons to 14.52 tons, achieving a 60.2% self-sufficiency rate during peak solar months, and reducing the payback period from 11.58 to 4.73&#xa0;years. This study demonstrates the compelling environmental, financial, and technical benefits of integrating ground-source heat pumps with solar technologies, providing a scalable model for sustainable building energy solutions.</p>

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Integrating ground-source heat pumps and photovoltaic thermal structures for low-carbon, cost-effective building energy solutions: a comparative investigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Luyue Han,
  • Fenghua Xia,
  • Zhenxing Cheng,
  • Song Zhou,
  • Shoupu Gu,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Xiuyan Zhang

摘要

The increasing demand for low-carbon, energy-efficient buildings poses a significant challenge to global sustainability goals. This study introduces a comprehensive modeling framework that explores three energy systems for residential buildings: a conventional grid-dependent unit, a grid-integrated ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, and a hybrid GSHP system augmented with concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) collectors. The analysis is based on detailed simulations using SketchUp and EnergyPlus for a multi-unit residential building in Lanzhou, China, under real-world climate and occupancy scenarios. The performance of these systems is evaluated through key metrics such as energy self-sufficiency, carbon emissions, and financial feasibility. Results reveal that the hybrid GSHP-CPVT system significantly outperforms the others, reducing annual CO2 emissions from 114.8 tons to 14.52 tons, achieving a 60.2% self-sufficiency rate during peak solar months, and reducing the payback period from 11.58 to 4.73 years. This study demonstrates the compelling environmental, financial, and technical benefits of integrating ground-source heat pumps with solar technologies, providing a scalable model for sustainable building energy solutions.