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<p>Using the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) databases, we examined the global patent cooperation network (PCN) and the global carbon emissions network (CEN) for the period 2000–2018. We employed the stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to empirically test their co-evolutionary mechanisms from a cross-network perspective. The results showed that the co-evolution of the PCN and the CEN showed bidirectional and asymmetric effects. First, patent cooperation between countries is positively correlated with trade-implied carbon emissions, reflecting the fact that technological progress may be accompanied by an increase in carbon emissions. Second, countries that co-operated in the CEN were more likely to establish new co-operation in the PCN, while the reverse was less likely. Third, the more countries that are at the centre of the CEN, the more difficult it is to establish new cooperation with other countries in the PCN. In particular, the relative importance of the above three cross-network effects remains at around 14%, which cannot be ignored. Furthermore, the study shows patent traits and green tech influence cross-network effects, moderated by sustainable development, intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, and global value chain (GVC) position, illuminating challenges for developing countries.</p>

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The co-evolution of the global patent cooperation and carbon emissions networks: a cross-network interaction sperspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Weiran Wang,
  • Linqing Liu

摘要

Using the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) databases, we examined the global patent cooperation network (PCN) and the global carbon emissions network (CEN) for the period 2000–2018. We employed the stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to empirically test their co-evolutionary mechanisms from a cross-network perspective. The results showed that the co-evolution of the PCN and the CEN showed bidirectional and asymmetric effects. First, patent cooperation between countries is positively correlated with trade-implied carbon emissions, reflecting the fact that technological progress may be accompanied by an increase in carbon emissions. Second, countries that co-operated in the CEN were more likely to establish new co-operation in the PCN, while the reverse was less likely. Third, the more countries that are at the centre of the CEN, the more difficult it is to establish new cooperation with other countries in the PCN. In particular, the relative importance of the above three cross-network effects remains at around 14%, which cannot be ignored. Furthermore, the study shows patent traits and green tech influence cross-network effects, moderated by sustainable development, intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, and global value chain (GVC) position, illuminating challenges for developing countries.