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<p>Biomass residues from oil palm plantation exhibit significant variability and diversity. Nevertheless, there is a notable paucity of studies that have examined the combustion characteristics through experimental and analytical testing, especially those focusing on flame luminosity. This study aims to address a gap by providing a comprehensive assessment of the combustion behaviour of oil palm waste, including oil palm leaves (OPL), oil palm fronds (OPF), oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), and mesocarp fiber (MSF). The biomasses were subjected to thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) at four heating rates and subsequently analyzed for thermokinetics using the Coats-Redfern and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods based on 21 solid-state functions. The combustion characteristics were evaluated using a drop tube furnace (DTF) to observe flame profiles. Among all sample tests, the OPT exhibits the most pronounced combustion characteristics, with an ignition index (<i>D</i><sub><i>i</i></sub>) of 2.78 × 10<sup>–2</sup>—186.84 × 10<sup>–2</sup>%·min<sup>−3</sup> and a combustion index (<i>S</i>) of 2.8 × 10<sup>–8</sup>—107.65 × 10<sup>–8</sup>%<sup>2</sup>·min<sup>−2</sup>·K<sup>−3</sup>. This result is corroborated by the flame luminosity, which shows higher gray values during both the ignition and combustion stages. The results of the kinetic evaluation and Criado master plot on OPT have demonstrated that the activation energy (<i>E</i><sub><i>a</i></sub>) is lowest among the samples examined, ranging from 17–21 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the findings from the experimental and analytical tests conducted in this study, it can be concluded that OPT has significant potential for utilization as a co-combustion solid fuel.</p>

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Experimental and analytical assessment of oil palm biomass on combustion characteristics: kinetic and flame observation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Moch. Zulfikar Eka Prayoga,
  • Taopik Hidayat,
  • Nur Endah Eny Sulistyawati,
  • Dwika Budianto,
  • Ilham Arnif,
  • Rendi Januardi,
  • Esti Mega Maulidayanti,
  • Hanafi Prida Putra,
  • Arif Darmawan,
  • Prabowo Prabowo,
  • Tata Sutardi

摘要

Biomass residues from oil palm plantation exhibit significant variability and diversity. Nevertheless, there is a notable paucity of studies that have examined the combustion characteristics through experimental and analytical testing, especially those focusing on flame luminosity. This study aims to address a gap by providing a comprehensive assessment of the combustion behaviour of oil palm waste, including oil palm leaves (OPL), oil palm fronds (OPF), oil palm trunks (OPT), empty fruit bunch (EFB), and mesocarp fiber (MSF). The biomasses were subjected to thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) at four heating rates and subsequently analyzed for thermokinetics using the Coats-Redfern and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods based on 21 solid-state functions. The combustion characteristics were evaluated using a drop tube furnace (DTF) to observe flame profiles. Among all sample tests, the OPT exhibits the most pronounced combustion characteristics, with an ignition index (Di) of 2.78 × 10–2—186.84 × 10–2%·min−3 and a combustion index (S) of 2.8 × 10–8—107.65 × 10–8%2·min−2·K−3. This result is corroborated by the flame luminosity, which shows higher gray values during both the ignition and combustion stages. The results of the kinetic evaluation and Criado master plot on OPT have demonstrated that the activation energy (Ea) is lowest among the samples examined, ranging from 17–21 kJ·mol−1. Based on the findings from the experimental and analytical tests conducted in this study, it can be concluded that OPT has significant potential for utilization as a co-combustion solid fuel.