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<p>This study develops a provincial-level energy system (ES) resilience evaluation framework for China using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, with indicator weights determined via a hybrid CRITIC-Entropy method. Evaluating 30 provinces from 2013 to 2022, results show overall resilience growth, highest levels in eastern provinces, and persistent lag in northeastern regions. Analysis of spatial patterns shows “high-high” clusters in more developed areas and “low-low” clusters in regions with lower development levels. Key constraints include gas and LPG storage, per capita energy production, and self-sufficiency rates. To enhance resilience, the study recommends expanding strategic storage, optimizing energy allocation, institutionalizing regional coordination, and promoting distributed energy, digital infrastructure, and low-carbon industrial transformation. These multi-level measures aim to strengthen adaptability, recovery, and long-term sustainability of China’s ES under external shocks.</p>

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Spatiotemporal evolution and obstacle analysis of energy system resilience in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Lin Zhu,
  • Yanjiang Luo,
  • Jun Gao,
  • Mingxue Jiang,
  • Xiaoyuan Gao,
  • Qi Liang

摘要

This study develops a provincial-level energy system (ES) resilience evaluation framework for China using the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, with indicator weights determined via a hybrid CRITIC-Entropy method. Evaluating 30 provinces from 2013 to 2022, results show overall resilience growth, highest levels in eastern provinces, and persistent lag in northeastern regions. Analysis of spatial patterns shows “high-high” clusters in more developed areas and “low-low” clusters in regions with lower development levels. Key constraints include gas and LPG storage, per capita energy production, and self-sufficiency rates. To enhance resilience, the study recommends expanding strategic storage, optimizing energy allocation, institutionalizing regional coordination, and promoting distributed energy, digital infrastructure, and low-carbon industrial transformation. These multi-level measures aim to strengthen adaptability, recovery, and long-term sustainability of China’s ES under external shocks.