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<p>The problem of urbanization exposes us to challenges to promote sustainable urban development. The study helped to evaluate the sustainability of 13 districts in the Mashhad metropolis, Iran, using the sustainability assessment by fuzzy evaluation (SAFE). In this research, reliable, national and international sources were reviewed extensively to screen and select 41 indicators for the sustainability assessment of Mashhad metropolis districts using the Delphi method. Then, 41 primary indicators were divided into 13 secondary indices. The 13 indices were divided to obtain four sustainability dimensions consisting of environmental sustainability, physical-spatial sustainability, socioeconomic sustainability, and cultural-educational sustainability. Two broader sustainability dimensions, including ecological sustainability and human sustainability, were obtained by combining the four dimensions of sustainability. Finally, the overall sustainability of Mashhad City was obtained by combining the broad dimensions of sustainability. To evaluate and measure sustainability, the fuzzy logic inference process was run using the fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB software. The results show that districts 8 and 13 have more appropriate sustainable conditions than the other districts in the Mashhad metropolis and are in potentially sustainable conditions. Districts 1, 11, 10, 7, and 9 with scores of 0.579, 0.5759, 0.5271, 0.4669, and 0.4648, respectively, are recognized to have moderate sustainability conditions, districts 5, 12, 4, 2, and 6 with scores of 0.3181, 0.2927, 0.2885, 0.25, and 0.2257, respectively, in potentially unsustainable conditions, and District 3 with a score of 0.183 is the most unsustainable area. Therefore, this district needs special attention to achieve a more sustainable city.</p>

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A comprehensive sustainability evaluation through the adaptive SAFE– fuzzy model: a methodology toward urban area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Niloofar Sadeghzadeh,
  • Maryam Robati,
  • Seyed Masoud Monavari,
  • Keramatollah Ziari

摘要

The problem of urbanization exposes us to challenges to promote sustainable urban development. The study helped to evaluate the sustainability of 13 districts in the Mashhad metropolis, Iran, using the sustainability assessment by fuzzy evaluation (SAFE). In this research, reliable, national and international sources were reviewed extensively to screen and select 41 indicators for the sustainability assessment of Mashhad metropolis districts using the Delphi method. Then, 41 primary indicators were divided into 13 secondary indices. The 13 indices were divided to obtain four sustainability dimensions consisting of environmental sustainability, physical-spatial sustainability, socioeconomic sustainability, and cultural-educational sustainability. Two broader sustainability dimensions, including ecological sustainability and human sustainability, were obtained by combining the four dimensions of sustainability. Finally, the overall sustainability of Mashhad City was obtained by combining the broad dimensions of sustainability. To evaluate and measure sustainability, the fuzzy logic inference process was run using the fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB software. The results show that districts 8 and 13 have more appropriate sustainable conditions than the other districts in the Mashhad metropolis and are in potentially sustainable conditions. Districts 1, 11, 10, 7, and 9 with scores of 0.579, 0.5759, 0.5271, 0.4669, and 0.4648, respectively, are recognized to have moderate sustainability conditions, districts 5, 12, 4, 2, and 6 with scores of 0.3181, 0.2927, 0.2885, 0.25, and 0.2257, respectively, in potentially unsustainable conditions, and District 3 with a score of 0.183 is the most unsustainable area. Therefore, this district needs special attention to achieve a more sustainable city.