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<p>Promoting the coordinated improvement of “urban land green and low-carbon utilization efficiency” (<i>GLUEUL</i>) is a prerequisite for realizing sustainable development. However, previous research lack quantitative analysis of their spatial correlations, which limits the understanding of the collaborative mechanisms and cross-regional policy design. This study uses the “super-efficiency SBM model considering adverse outputs” to measure the <i>GLUEUL</i> of 282 cities in China (2005–2020), the Modified Gravity model to construct its spatial correlation network, and the Complex Network Analysis and QAP regression to analyze network’s structural characteristics and influencing factors. The results show: (1) China's <i>GLUEUL</i> has been growing at an average annual rate of 6.9%, with increasing spatial correlation intensity and density. But there is regional imbalance—the intra-urban cluster has a stronger correlation, while the other regions have a weaker one. (2) The network’s connectivity and transmission efficiency have improved, with the "small-world" feature weakening. (3) The network is centered around the “Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration”, with Beijing, Dalian, and Suzhou as key bridges. (4) The network is divided into 7 communities different from administrative divisions, and the network evolution continuously promotes community integration. (5) The differences in regional per capita GDP, informatization level and openness have significantly promoted the formation of the <i>GLUEUL</i> network, while technological innovation have played a hindering role. Study suggests that the radiating influence of the central cities and the bridging role of the intermediary cities should be strengthened, and community development strategies beyond administrative boundaries should be formulated.</p>

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Green and low carbon use efficiency of urban land in spatial network: structure characteristics, community division, and influencing factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Lina Peng,
  • Rui Ding,
  • Juan Liang,
  • Kexin Wang,
  • Wenqian Xiao,
  • Shuyue Jiang

摘要

Promoting the coordinated improvement of “urban land green and low-carbon utilization efficiency” (GLUEUL) is a prerequisite for realizing sustainable development. However, previous research lack quantitative analysis of their spatial correlations, which limits the understanding of the collaborative mechanisms and cross-regional policy design. This study uses the “super-efficiency SBM model considering adverse outputs” to measure the GLUEUL of 282 cities in China (2005–2020), the Modified Gravity model to construct its spatial correlation network, and the Complex Network Analysis and QAP regression to analyze network’s structural characteristics and influencing factors. The results show: (1) China's GLUEUL has been growing at an average annual rate of 6.9%, with increasing spatial correlation intensity and density. But there is regional imbalance—the intra-urban cluster has a stronger correlation, while the other regions have a weaker one. (2) The network’s connectivity and transmission efficiency have improved, with the "small-world" feature weakening. (3) The network is centered around the “Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration”, with Beijing, Dalian, and Suzhou as key bridges. (4) The network is divided into 7 communities different from administrative divisions, and the network evolution continuously promotes community integration. (5) The differences in regional per capita GDP, informatization level and openness have significantly promoted the formation of the GLUEUL network, while technological innovation have played a hindering role. Study suggests that the radiating influence of the central cities and the bridging role of the intermediary cities should be strengthened, and community development strategies beyond administrative boundaries should be formulated.