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<p>Against the backdrop of increasingly severe ecological debt constraints, maintaining a benign coordination between urban expansion and ecosystem health is key to achieving sustainable development. However, how ecosystems counteract urban expansion, the role of local governance in this dynamic game, and the interaction mechanism between the two remain unclear. Here, we take 37 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, characterize the urban expansion characteristics (UE) from 2000 to 2023 based on the human-land relationship coupling framework, optimize the VORS model indicators by combining industrial and mining land disturbance and ecological debt stress, and calculate the ecosystem health level (EHI). We integrate the optimal parameter geographic detector (OPGD) and the multi-scale geographic weighted regression model (MGWR) to explore the evolution process of the coupling and coordination relationship between the two under ecological debt constraints and its interaction mechanism. The results show that: (1) resource-based cities are mainly characterized by marginal expansion, while the proportion of infill expansion is gradually increasing. The regional ecosystem is generally in an unhealthy state, forming a gradient distribution pattern of degradation-unhealthy-basic health-suboptimal health from northwest to southeast. (2) The coupling and coordination relationship between urban expansion and ecosystem health presents an evolutionary process of “basic coordination - moderate imbalance - severe imbalance”, forming a dynamic cycle of “coercion - degradation - countermeasure”, with the accumulation and repayment of ecological debt being an important node. (3) The interaction mechanism is multi-faceted and regionally heterogeneous, driven by the dynamic coupling of three-dimensional elements of “structure-function-institution”, with policy constraints and social collaboration playing a key regulatory role. This study deepens the theoretical understanding of the dynamic feedback law between humans and the land, and provides a reference for the regulatory path to promote the benign coordination between urban expansion and ecosystem under the constraint of ecological debt.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Interaction mechanisms and coordinated development strategies of resource-based urban expansion and ecosystem health under ecological debt constraints: Evidence from China’s yellow river basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Wei Zheng,
  • Ge Song,
  • Zhaoyang Cai

摘要

Against the backdrop of increasingly severe ecological debt constraints, maintaining a benign coordination between urban expansion and ecosystem health is key to achieving sustainable development. However, how ecosystems counteract urban expansion, the role of local governance in this dynamic game, and the interaction mechanism between the two remain unclear. Here, we take 37 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, characterize the urban expansion characteristics (UE) from 2000 to 2023 based on the human-land relationship coupling framework, optimize the VORS model indicators by combining industrial and mining land disturbance and ecological debt stress, and calculate the ecosystem health level (EHI). We integrate the optimal parameter geographic detector (OPGD) and the multi-scale geographic weighted regression model (MGWR) to explore the evolution process of the coupling and coordination relationship between the two under ecological debt constraints and its interaction mechanism. The results show that: (1) resource-based cities are mainly characterized by marginal expansion, while the proportion of infill expansion is gradually increasing. The regional ecosystem is generally in an unhealthy state, forming a gradient distribution pattern of degradation-unhealthy-basic health-suboptimal health from northwest to southeast. (2) The coupling and coordination relationship between urban expansion and ecosystem health presents an evolutionary process of “basic coordination - moderate imbalance - severe imbalance”, forming a dynamic cycle of “coercion - degradation - countermeasure”, with the accumulation and repayment of ecological debt being an important node. (3) The interaction mechanism is multi-faceted and regionally heterogeneous, driven by the dynamic coupling of three-dimensional elements of “structure-function-institution”, with policy constraints and social collaboration playing a key regulatory role. This study deepens the theoretical understanding of the dynamic feedback law between humans and the land, and provides a reference for the regulatory path to promote the benign coordination between urban expansion and ecosystem under the constraint of ecological debt.

Graphical abstract