<p>To achieve the healthy and sustainable development of the primary grain-producing region, it is essential to assure a good coupling-coordination between grain production resilience (GPR) and ecosystem services (ESs). Taking the Shandong section of Yellow River irrigation district in China (SYRID) as the study region, we assessed the spatiotemporal coupling-coordination relationship and its primary driving factors between GPR and ESs with the improved spatiotemporal coupling coordination degree (ISTCCD) model and the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. Key findings reveal that GPR and the regulating services generally showed a weakening trend from 2000 to 2020, while the supply services improved. The coupling-coordination between GPR and habitat quality (HQ) was basically in an extremely or moderately imbalance state, with the average index from 0.276 to 0.267. Annual average temperature and vegetation coverage were the dominant factors influencing the coupling-coordination between GPR and ESs. However, the human footprint also influenced the coupling-coordination between GPR and carbon storage (CS), while the land use intensity also influenced the coupling-coordination between GPR and the others ESs. Optimization suggestions were proposed for agroecosystems in the SYRID from ecosystem services perspective, which is beneficial for optimizing the regional sustainable development strategies. This research breaks away from the previous single-faceted studies on GPR or ESs. It focuses on the coupling and coordination between GPR and ESs, integrating the ecological and socio-economic systems. This can provide data support and optimization strategies for the high-quality and sustainable development of the SYRID and the entire Yellow River Basin.</p>