<p>Exploring the coupling relationship and developmental dynamics between economic resilience and new quality productivity holds significant strategic importance for advancing the modernization process with Chinese characteristics. Based on panel data from 30 provincial administrative regions in China spanning 2013 to 2021, this study employs comprehensive index evaluation method, coupling coordination degree model, and PVAR model to analyze the interactive relationship and dynamic mechanisms between regional economic resilience and new quality productivity. The findings indicate that the overall development levels of both economic resilience and new quality productivity remain relatively low. The coupling coordination degree between the two systems ranges between moderate imbalance and mild coordination. Nevertheless, a general trend of gradual improvement in both level and coordination is observed over time, with a distinct east-to-west hierarchical spatial pattern evident across regions. The overall disparity in coupling coordination degrees exhibits limited fluctuation, while regional heterogeneity is apparent in both within-group and between-group differences. Notably, inter-regional disparities constitute the primary driver of variations in coupling coordination across regions. With regard to dynamic mechanisms, bidirectional promotion and mutual enhancement are observed in the eastern and middle regions, whereas in the northeastern and western regions, the self-reinforcing effect of economic resilience predominates. This study elucidates the coupling and coordination mechanism between regional economic resilience and new quality productivity, offering valuable insights and policy implications for fostering new quality productivity, enhancing regional economic resilience, and reducing regional development imbalances in China.</p>